Curiosity Tea ☕️

​​How do QR codes work? QR codes are a technology that desperately wants our attention. They appear everywhere from supermarket shelves and magazines to hiking trails and tombstones. QR (Quick Response) code is the trademark name for the two dimensional barcode system. It was originally invented in 1994 by Denso Wave, a Toyota subsidiary, as a way to track vehicles as they were assembled, and to scan components at high speeds. While Denso Wave does hold the patent on the technology, it has granted free licence on it, going so far as to publish the spec online, and allowing anyone to use it. The conventional one dimensional barcodes used on virtually every consumer product are mechanically scanned. That is, they're read by physically bouncing a narrow beam of light onto the code, which can be interpreted using the pattern of light reflected off the white gaps between the lines. A QR code works by encoding data in a certain way (a certain standard) so scanning software can interpret the results. For example, normal barcodes on products are considered 1D barcodes. The lines are different widths that correspond to numbers. Software interprets those line widths as numbers. Same with the QR code; the location of each block is interpreted by the software and the combination of a bunch of blocks combine to represent certain characters. Combine the characters and you can get a URL for example. If you add logic in the scanning software that opens a browser and goes to the link when the encoded data looks like a URL (with http://), you have added the functionality of translating printed material into digital material.

​​What is use of Calcium Carbide in fruits? Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green (typically "redder"), and softer as it ripens.  Ripening agents accelerate ripening. An important ripening agent is ethylene, a gaseous hormone produced by many plants. Many synthetic analogues of ethylene are available They allow many fruits to be picked prior to full ripening, which is useful since ripened fruits do not ship well. For example, bananas are picked when green and artificially ripened after shipment by being exposed to ethylene. Calcium carbide is also used in some countries for artificially ripening fruit. When calcium carbide comes in contact with moisture, it produces acetylene gas, which is similar in its effects to the natural ripening agent, ethylene. Acetylene accelerates the ripening process. Catalytic generators are used to produce ethylene gas simply and safely. Ethylene sensors can be used to precisely control the amount of gas. Covered fruit ripening bowls or bags are commercially available. These containers increase the amount of ethylene and carbon dioxide gases around the fruit, which promotes ripening. Ripening indicators like Iodine (I) can be used to determine whether fruits are ripening or rotting by showing whether the starch in the fruit has turned into sugar. For example, a drop of iodine on a slightly rotten part (not the skin) of an apple will stay yellow or orange, since starch is no longer present. If the iodine is applied and takes 2–3 seconds to turn dark blue or black, then the process of ripening has begun but is not yet complete. If the iodine becomes black immediately, then most of the starch is still present at high concentrations in the sample, and hence the fruit hasn't fully started to ripen.

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​​Why is a 'Red Cross' used as a medical symbol? The sign of the Red Cross is associated with Red Cross Society, which is a voluntary organisation in the field of medical services. It was founded by Henry Dunant about 150 years ago. The sign is always found on hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, dispensary, ambulances, etc. The Blue Cross was introduced in the US but it is not as popular as the Red Cross, which is found worldwide. The reason crosses are used and associated with medical professions is mainly because of its use by the International Red Cross Society The  Red Cross emblem was based on the design of the Swiss national flag. The red cross emblem can’t actually be used by doctors or anyone else, as it’s regarded as an internationally protected symbol. The international Red Cross organization had won noble prize for its work for three times.  Coming to the matter, red cross is named for offering unconditional help to the people in need.  So, medical field, which also offers life saving services to the people adopted this symbol. That is the reason why hospitals and ambulances use red color plus symbol.

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​​Why do some Trucks have one Pair of Tires hanging in the air and not touching the road? Trucks have extra axles that move up and down depending on how much weight is on the truck. Trucks will lower the axles when loaded to reduce pressure on the road as the load is spread out over more axles and tires. On trucks such as concrete mixer trucks, these axles look like trailers hanging off the back, and they are only lowered when the truck is loaded. Other axles, such as on large dump trucks, are in the middle of the truck and only move up and down. There are also large busses that have what are called “tag” axles in the rear, these are single tire axles that move up and down and turn when the bus is making a tight turn, allowing it to maneuver in tight spaces. That is how those busses navigate inner city streets and traffic with such ease, they steer from the front and rear. Some specialized trucks have rear steer axles, such as fire trucks. For trucks, it is all about weight distribution. For the same reason, when you see a heavy haul truck and trailer there will be many more axles than normal, all according to the load on the truck. When you see a trailer with more than the standard two axles, that is also to allow the trailer to haul extra weight, such as a milk tanker truck. However, they remain down all the time instead of moving up and down.

​​What causes the Eiffel Tower to be slightly taller during the summer? Eiffel Tower, French Tour Eiffel, Parisian landmark that is also a technological masterpiece in building-construction history. When the French government was organizing the International Exposition of 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, a competition was held for designs for a suitable monument.  More than 100 proposals submitted by the greatest international architects, the French government chose the one from Gustave Eiffel, the French engineer best known for his construction of metal bridges and for contributing to the design of the Statue of Liberty. His proposal won for its originality and for its technical aspects. 18,038 iron parts and 2.5 million rivets were needed for its assembly. Beyond the controversy, the work involved, and the complexity of the structure, the story of the Eiffel Tower is steeped in legends and curiosities. Chief among these is the variability of its height. The tower itself is 300 metres (984 feet) high. It rests on a base that is 5 metres (17 feet) high, and a television antenna atop the tower gives it a total elevation of 324 metres (1,063 feet).  Due to the thermal expansion of the metal that occurs during the summer time, the Tower grows an average of 15 centimetres (six inches) during the hottest months. The greatest growth on record occurred in 1976, when this heat-induced expansion added another 18 centimetres (seven inches) to the tower’s 324 metre height. Another curious element regarding this beautiful monument is its repainting, a process that takes place, on average, every seven years. The tower has changed colors numerous times, moving from Venetian red, to ochre yellow, to chestnut brown, and finally to its current bronze, chosen as recently as 1968.

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​​How do the 3D Movies work? If you look at an object near you and close your left and right eyes in turn, you’ll see that each has a slightly different view of the world. Your left eye sees a bit more of the left side of the object, and your right eye sees a bit more of its right side. Your brain fuses the two images together allowing you to see in three dimensions. This is known as stereoscopic vision. To create a similar effect, 3D films are captured using two lenses placed side by side, just like your eyes (or by producing computer generated images to replicate the same effect). In old fashioned 3D films, footage for the left eye would be filmed using a red lens filter, producing a red image, and footage for the right eye would be shot using a blue filter, resulting in a blue image. Two projectors then superimposed the images on the cinema screen. 3D glasses with blue and red filters ensured viewers’ left and right eyes saw the correct image: the red filter would only let red light through to your left eye, and the blue filter would only let blue light through to your right eye. Your brain would then combine these two slightly different images to create the illusion of 3D. Unfortunately, this meant that old fashioned 3D films couldn’t make full use of colour. To get around this problem, modern 3D films use polarised light instead of red and blue light. What is polarised light? A polarised light wave vibrates on only one plane. The light produced by the sun is unpolarised, meaning it is made up of light waves vibrating on many different planes. It can however be transformed into polarised light using a polarising filter. A polarising filter has tiny parallel lines etched into it, a bit like the slats on a set of venetian blinds. This means it will only let light vibrating on a particular plane through. As with old fashioned 3D, the film is recorded using two camera lenses sat side by side. But in the cinema, the two reels of film are projected through different polarised filters. So images destined for viewers' left eyes are polarised on a horizontal plane, whereas images destined for their right eyes are polarised on a vertical plane. 3D glasses use the same polarising filters to separate out the two images again, giving each eye sees a slightly different perspective and fooling the brain.

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​​Why do Aeroplanes have Round shaped windows Not Square Or Rectangle? As commercial air travel took off in the mid-20th century, airline companies began to fly at higher altitudes to save money—the air density is lower up there, creating less drag for airplanes. But for passengers to survive at 30,000 feet, the cabin must be pressurized. To make that possible, the cabin was changed to a cylindrical shape to support the internal pressure. But at first, plane builders left in the standard square. As a result of this, in the year 1953, two airplanes fell apart during flight which resulted in 56 causalities. After their investigation was done, it was concluded that the reason for the crash was the rectangle shaped airplane windows. An aircraft fuselage is under a lot of stress when it rises from sea level to cruising altitude. It has to hold in a lot of pressure, which makes it flex slightly. Repeated flexing leads to metal fatigue, which can eventually end with the fuselage breaking drastically one day. This weak spot eventually becomes a potential danger as it can cause a mechanical failure and put the lives of people in peril. Fortunately, designers figured out the design flaw pretty quick. Now we have nice, round windows that can withstand the pressure of cruising altitude.

​​What is the difference between Earthing and Grounding? Earthing and grounding are similar terms. Still, these are having many differences. • Earthing means connecting the dead part (it means the part which does not carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example electrical equipment’s frames, enclosures, supports etc. • The purpose of earthing is to minimize risk of receiving an electric shock if touching metal parts when a fault is present. Generally green wire is used for this as a nomenclature. • Under fault conditions the non-current carrying metal parts of an electrical installation such as frames, enclosures, supports, fencing etc. may attain high potential with respect to ground so that any person or stray animal touching these or approaching these will be subjected to potential difference which may result in the flow of a current through the body of the person or the animal of such a value as may prove fatal. • To avoid this non-current carrying metal parts of the electrical system are connected to the general mass of earth by means of an earthing system comprising of earth conductors to conduct the fault currents safely to the ground. • Earthing has been accomplished through bonding of a metallic system to earth. It is normally achieved by inserting ground rods or other electrodes deep inside earth. • Earthing is to ensure safety or Protection of electrical equipment and Human by discharging the electrical energy to the earth. • Grounding means connecting the live part (it means the part which carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example neutral of power transformer. • Grounding is done for the protections of power system equipment and to provide an effective return path from the machine to the power source. For example grounding of neutral point of a star connected transformer. • Grounding refers the current carrying part of the system such as neutral (of the transformer or generator). • Because of lightning, line surges or unintentional contact with other high voltage lines, dangerously high voltages can develop in the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides a safe, alternate path around the electrical system of your house thus minimizing damage from such occurrences. • Generally Black wire is used for this as a nomenclature. • All electrical/electronic circuits (AC & DC) need a reference potential (zero volts) which is called ground in order to make possible the current flow from generator to load. Ground is May or May not be earthed. In Electrical Power distribution it is either earthed at distribution Point or at Consumer end but it is not earthed in Automobile( for instance all vehicles’ electrical circuits have ground connected to the chassis and metallic body that are insulated from earth through tires). There may exist a neutral to ground voltage due to voltage drop in the wiring, thus neutral does not necessarily have to be at ground potential. • In a properly balanced system, the phase currents balance each other, so that the total neutral current is also zero. For individual systems, this is not completely possible, but we strive to come close in aggregate. This balancing allows maximum efficiency of the distribution transformer’s secondary winding.