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🔆 Expansion of EV Charging Infrastructure ✅ MoRTH updated EV battery safety standards (AIS-156, AIS-038) ✅ BIS notified lithium-ion battery safety & testing standards ✅ FAME-II: ₹912.5 cr for public EV charging stations ✅ PM E-DRIVE: ₹2,000 cr for pan-India EV charging rollout ✅ 29,151 EV charging stations installed; 12,033 fast chargers ✅ PLI-ACC: ₹18,100 cr to build 50 GWh battery capacity ✅ Focus on interoperable, secure EV charging ecosystem 📍 Mains Question: How does expansion of EV charging infrastructure support India’s energy transition and sustainable mobility goals? #GS3 #Infrastructure #economy

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🔆 Rabi Sowing Crosses 479 Lakh Hectares 📍 Overall Progress (as of 5 Dec 2025) ✅ Total rabi sowing: 479.02 lakh ha (↑ 27.89 lakh ha vs last year). 📍 Major Crops 🌾 Wheat: 241.40 lakh ha (↑ 23.59) 🌱 Pulses: 106.21 lakh ha (↑ 0.44) 🌾 Shri Anna & Coarse Cereals: 36.28 lakh ha (↑ 0.34) 🛢️ Oilseeds: 84.14 lakh ha (↑ 2.40) 📍 Key Segment Highlights ✅ Gram, Urd bean, small millets, maize, barley, safflower, sunflower show moderate increases. ❗ Lentil, field pea, kulthi, bajra, groundnut show slight declines. 📍 Why It Matters ➡️ Higher wheat and oilseed coverage boosts food security + reduces import dependence. ➡️ Growth in coarse cereals aligns with Shri Anna nutrition & climate-resilient cropping push. 📍 Mains Question How do trends in rabi crop sowing reflect shifting agrarian priorities and India’s food-security strategy? #GS3 #Agriculture

🔆 Strengthening Cybersecurity in India’s Power Sector 📍 Institutional Strengthening ✅ POWERGRID CoE in Cybersecurity (IISc Bengaluru) set up for advanced R&D in grid cybersecurity. ✅ CEA’s 2021 Cyber Security Guidelines → comprehensive cyber assurance framework for all power entities. ✅ Draft CEA Cyber Security Regulations 2025 under finalisation to deepen sector-wide cyber governance. 📍 Response & Preparedness Mechanisms ✅ CSIRT–Power established (April 2023) as CERT-In’s sectoral arm for cyber incident detection & response. ✅ Six sub-sectoral CERTs created (Thermal, Hydro, Transmission, Grid Ops, Renewables, Distribution). ✅ Each CERT must prepare a Cyber Crisis Management Plan (C-CMP) for coordinated mitigation. 📍 State-Level Implementation Example (Gujarat) ✅ GETCO deployed stricter access controls, encrypted communication, next-gen firewalls, and malware protection. ✅ Zero successful cyber-attacks reported in the last five years in National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC). 📍 Cyber Audits & Monitoring ✅ Regular audits per CEA Guidelines by CERT-In–empanelled auditors. ✅ IT & OT infrastructure, SCADA, URTDSM, SLDCs audited frequently to assess vulnerabilities. 🔆 Mains Question (GS3) Q. Evaluate India’s cybersecurity architecture in the power sector. How do guidelines, CERT structures, and state-level implementations together address emerging cyber risks? #GS3 #CyberSecurity #security

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🔆 Deepavali Added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List 📍 Global Recognition ✅ Deepavali is now inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (20th ICH Committee Session, Red Fort, New Delhi). ✅ Marks a proud cultural milestone for India and global communities celebrating the festival. 📍 Why It Was Recognised ✅ Symbolises renewal, unity, harmony — the universal message of Tamso Ma Jyotirgamaya. ✅ A living tradition sustained by millions: potters, diya makers, artisans, farmers, sweet-makers, priests, households. ✅ Demonstrates intergenerational knowledge, community participation, and diverse practices (diyas, rangoli, crafts, rituals). 📍 Cultural & Global Impact ✅ Celebrated across Southeast Asia, Africa, Gulf, Europe, Caribbean → strengthens cultural bridges. ✅ Highlights inclusive character & ecosystem of livelihoods supporting the festival. ✅ Reinforces SDGs: gender equality, livelihood enhancement, cultural continuity, wellbeing. 📍 Government’s Role ✅ Nomination prepared through nationwide consultations led by Sangeet Natak Akademi + diverse cultural groups. ✅ Ministry of Culture emphasised transmission of heritage to future generations. 📍 Why It Matters ✅ Boosts global awareness of India’s intangible heritage. ✅ Supports preservation of community-based traditions. ✅ Recognises Deepavali as a people-centric, living cultural heritage with deep civilisational significance. #prelims #art_and_culture @studytoday1 @upsc_art_and_culture

🔆 Displacement from Forest Land — FRA Safeguards 📍 Key Legal Protections ✅ Section 3(1), FRA 2006: Forest-dwelling STs & OTFDs have legal rights to hold and live on forest land for habitat & livelihood. ✅ Section 4(5): No eviction allowed until recognition & verification of claims is fully completed. ✅ FRA also mandates resettlement provisions only under conditions in Section 4(2). 📍 Status of Displacement Reports ✅ Centre has received no reports of pending applicants being displaced. ✅ NTCA confirms no displacement from core/critical tiger habitats without free, prior & informed consent (FPIC) and due diligence. 📍 Implementation Data ✅ Dewas district (MP): • Claims received: 9,238 • Titles distributed: 4,869 (52.7%) • Rejected: 4,368 • Pending: 1 → 99.98% disposal ✅ National Totals (till Oct 2025): • Claims filed: 51,57,332 • Titles distributed: 25,14,774 (48.76%) • Rejected: 18,73,738 • Pending: 7,68,820 • Includes 23.9 lakh individual & 1.22 lakh community titles. 📍 Institutional Mechanisms ✅ FRA requires State-level Monitoring Committees & District-level Implementing Committees to oversee voluntary resettlement & monitoring. 🔆 Mains Question (GS2 / GS3) Q. Discuss how the Forest Rights Act, 2006 balances ecological conservation with the rights and protection of forest-dwelling communities, especially in the context of eviction and resettlement. #GS2 #GS3

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🔆 National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) 📍 Key Highlights ✅ 37 supercomputers deployed → 40 Petaflops total capacity. ✅ NSM launched in 2015 with ₹4,500 crore; implemented by MeitY + DST + C-DAC + IISc. ✅ 34 systems deployed in last 5 years; 6 more in progress (₹680 cr). 📍 PARAM Rudra — India’s Indigenous HPC Backbone ✅ Built using indigenously designed Rudra servers + Indian system software stack. ✅ Supports 13,000+ researchers, incl. 1,700+ PhD scholars from 260+ institutions. ✅ Systems run at 81–95% utilisation; 1 crore+ compute jobs executed; 1,500+ papers published. 📍 Impact Areas ✅ Drug discovery, climate modelling, disaster forecasting, astronomy, fluid dynamics, AI, materials research, aerospace engineering. ✅ Startups & MSMEs using supercomputers for HPC projects. 📍 Indigenous Tech Achievements ✅ Rudra Server Board developed & transferred to EMS manufacturers — Made in India hardware ecosystem. ✅ High-speed interconnect (40–100 Gbps) developed & deployed. ✅ Indigenous cooling tech validated. ✅ Complete HPC software stack built in-house. ✅ PARAM Shavak (supercomputer-in-a-box) designed for colleges & engineering institutes. ✅ HPC deployed in IMD, ONGC, CWC, CPCB, MoES & others. 📍 Why NSM Matters ✅ Reduces dependency on foreign HPC tech. ✅ Supports India’s ambitions in AI, climate science, national security & advanced research. ✅ Builds a full supercomputing ecosystem — hardware + software + manufacturing. 📍 Mains Question How does the National Supercomputing Mission contribute to technological self-reliance and scientific advancement in India? #prelims #GS3 #science_and_technology #science_technology Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_science_and_technology

🔆 Status of Welfare Schemes for Scheduled Tribes (STs) 📍 Evaluations & Coverage ✅ NITI Aayog (DMEO) evaluated major ST-focused schemes (FY 2020–25) under Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana: Pre-Matric & Post-Matric Scholarships, TRIs support, PVTG development, PM-JANMAN, PMAAGY (now under DAJGUA), admin cost support. ✅ Ministry also reviewing Central Sector schemes like EMRS, National Fellowship, Overseas Scholarships, PMJVM, TRIFED-linked initiatives. 📍 Gaps Identified (NFHS-5 & PLFS data) ✅ Higher IMR among STs (41.6 vs 35.2). ✅ Higher levels of stunting (40.9%), wasting (23.2%), underweight (39.5%). ✅ Lower literacy (73.4% vs 80.9%). 📍 DAPST Strategy ✅ 41 Ministries mandated to earmark % of budgets for ST development—education, health, roads, irrigation, skills, livelihoods. ✅ State governments must allocate TSP funds proportional to ST population. 📍 Major Interventions ✅ DAJGUA: 25 interventions across 63,843 villages; ₹79,156 cr outlay; targets health, education, nutrition, infrastructure. ✅ PM-JANMAN: ₹24,000 cr; saturates PVTGs with housing, water, telecom, electrification & livelihoods. ✅ PMJVM (MFP/MSP): MSP support, value-addition infra, VDVKs for tribal entrepreneurship. ✅ EMRS: 728 schools planned; 3.5 lakh ST students to benefit. ✅ Article 275(1) Grants: 100% central support for tribal infrastructure & welfare. ✅ Scholarships: • Pre-Matric: income cap ₹2.5 lakh; ₹225–₹525/month. • Post-Matric: fees + ₹230–₹1200/month. • Overseas scholarships & National Fellowship for higher studies. ✅ TRIs: Strengthening documentation, research, museums, training & cultural preservation. 🔆 Mains Question (GS2 / GS3) Q. Evaluate the effectiveness of India’s recent welfare interventions for Scheduled Tribes, especially PM-JANMAN, DAJGUA, and DAPST. How far do these initiatives bridge historical development gaps? #GS2 #GS3

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🔆 RDI Fund to Catalyse India’s Innovation Ecosystem 📍 Why in Focus? Govt rolling out a ₹1 lakh crore RDI Fund to deepen private-sector R&D and accelerate frontier technologies. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Focus on near-market tech: AI, biotech, clean energy, semiconductors, deep-tech manufacturing ✅ Layered financing model via ANRF, TDB, BIRAC & fund managers ✅ Funding through long-term low-interest loans / equity, not direct grants ✅ Aims to bridge India’s long gap between research and commercialisation ✅ Supports young scientists, convergence centres & industry–academia collaboration 📍 Implications: ✔️ Strengthens tech self-reliance ✔️ Pushes India toward Viksit Bharat@2047 innovation goals ✔️ Moves India from tech consumer → tech creator ✅ Mains Question: How will the RDI Fund reshape India’s research-to-market pipeline and strengthen technological self-reliance? ✨ #GS3 #science_and_technology

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