UPSC GEOGRAPHY

🚨🚨Important announcement !! Today at 2pm there is toppers talk with Farkhanda Qureshi Rank AIR 67. 🌿 She will share her journey of UPSC preparation and will guide for geography optional preparation. Details about session will be posted soon. Those students who want to ask questions can join live session. 🌸🌸 Geography Enrichment (GEO 300+) cum Test Series Main's 25 Program is starting from 2nd June!! 👉10 part length tests & 4 full length tests will be conducted as per planner. 👉Student’s will get handwritten model answers for tests 👉High quality & personalized Evaluation will be provided within 3-4 days of test submission by Shikha Ma’am. **Admissions will be closed as soon as seats are filled. For Queries, Call us at 9311082312 or fill the form at https://forms.gle/dqijMWGvTa3BCU3N6

🔴 CSAT 2025 🔴 ▪️After getting many requests We are going to start our initiative under the guidance of selected officers. ▪️Interested aspirants can join our official telegram channel👇👇👇 https://t.me/+2JmpY-58o9RlZjU1 https://t.me/+2JmpY-58o9RlZjU1 https://t.me/+2JmpY-58o9RlZjU1

■ THE MANTLE #interiorofearth ◇ It forms about 83 per cent of the earth's volume and holds 67% of the earth’s mass. ◇ It extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km. ◇ The density of the upper mantle varies between 2.9 g/cm3 and 3.3 g/cm3. ◇ The lower mantle extends beyond the asthenosphere. It is in a solid state. ◇ The density ranges from 3.3 g/cm3 to 5.7 g/cm3 in the lower mantle. ◇ The mantle is composed of silicate rocks that are rich in iron. ◇ Regarding its constituent elements, the mantle is made up of 45% oxygen, 21% silicon, and 23% magnesium (OSM). ◇ Temperatures range from approximately 200 °C at the upper boundary with the crust to approximately 4,000 °C at the core-mantle boundary. ◇ Because of the temperature difference, there is a convective material circulation in the mantle (although solid, the high temperatures within the mantle cause the silicate material to be sufficiently ductile). ▪︎ JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

✌️✌️Dear students, Enlight IAS test series proved to be one of the most successful in prelims again. Hear from Swati Sharma AIR 17, Ayushi Pradhan AIR 36, Anjali Shrotriya AIR 44, Aastha Singh AIR 61, Kanika AIR 64, Abhijit Ray AIR 50, Aaditya Sharma AIR 70, Sunil AIR 77, Anjali Garg AIR 79, Ashis Kumar AIR 85, Shubham Shukla AIR 43, Ankit AIR 99 and 150+ other toppers about EnlightIAS. Click here to know Details of Prelims Test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/9273 Details of Daily Answer Writing: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/9175 For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com

OFFER PRICE ENDS TODAY: Must Have Notes for your MAINS Preparation. MAINS GS BOOKS - ENTIRE SYLLABUS AT ONE PLACE! 🔑 This is a 'MUST HAVE' set for MAINS PREPARATION. › Comprehensive coverage of the entire syllabus. › Easy access to all topics in one set. › High-quality, up-to-date content. › Perfect for quick revisions. 2025: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/mains-2025-gs-books 2026: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/mains-2025-gs-books INEVITABLE, INFALLIBLE & INVINCIBLE notes for Mains. CLICK HERE for Sample Article

ANNOUNCEMENT | 8 JUNE Batch BRAHMASTRA 2026 - Must have Program for your Level 2, 3, 4 & 5 of UPSC Preparation. BRAHMASTRA 2026 | Starts 8 June | ONLINE & OFFLINE BRAHMASTRA 2026 - COMPONENTS 🔥 Integrated Prelims cum Mains Test Series 🔥 SUPER MENTOR Sessions 🔥 Personal Mentor 🔥 Sunya Notes (recommended by Toppers) Register Now/ Find Details at: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/brahmastra-2026-8-june For Queries, fill the form at: https://forms.gle/7ArqRAhJAwjasVnA9 8383950315 | @sunyaiasbrahmastra

Every question counts. Every minute matters. Don’t risk your whole year because of 66 marks. Take charge. CSAT is your gateway to Mains. 👇 CLICK HERE TO JOIN

■ ELEMENTS OF EARTH #Interiorofearth 1. Iron – 34.6% 2. Oxygen – 29.5 % 3. Silicon – 15.2 % 4. Magnesium – 12.7% 5. Nickel – 2.4 % 6. Sulphur – 1.9% 7. Titanium – 0.05% ▪︎@upsc_geography_notes

ANNOUNCEMENT | 8 JUNE Batch BRAHMASTRA 2026 - Must have Program for your Level 2, 3, 4 & 5 of UPSC Preparation. BRAHMASTRA 2026 | Starts 8 June | ONLINE & OFFLINE BRAHMASTRA 2026 - COMPONENTS 🔥 Integrated Prelims cum Mains Test Series 🔥 SUPER MENTOR Sessions 🔥 Personal Mentor 🔥 Sunya Notes (recommended by Toppers) Register Now/ Find Details at: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/brahmastra-2026-8-june For Queries, fill the form at: https://forms.gle/7ArqRAhJAwjasVnA9 8383950315 | @sunyaiasbrahmastra

“GS answers need direction, not data dumps.” Notes designed with issue-based analysis, real-life examples, and ethical depth help you write like a future officer. 👇 DOWNLOAD

Good content isn’t about length, it’s about clarity. These notes are made to help you revise quickly, understand deeply, and write with confidence in the exam hall. CLICK HERE TO JOIN

🚨🚨Important Announcement!! 🌸🌸Dear students,Geography Enrichment (GEO 300+) cum Test Series Main's 25 Program is starting from 2nd June!! Component 1: ☘️Revise entire syllabus with 300+ questions & 50+ Enrichment sessions on basis of current affairs & PYQ themes. Learn integration of THINKERS, CASE STUDIES, GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS in answers. ☘️Daily 5-6 Questions will be provided along with hand written model answers. ☘️Weekly sectional questions will be provided for answer writing practice, as per topics covered in previous week, from planner. Component 2: 👉10 part length tests & 4 full length tests will be conducted as per planner. 👉Student’s will get handwritten model answers for tests 👉High quality & personalized Evaluation will be provided within 3-4 days of test submission by Shikha Ma’am. **Admissions will be closed as seats are filled. For Queries, Call at 9311082312 or fill the form at https://forms.gle/dqijMWGvTa3BCU3N6

2025 showed us the truth: CSAT is not a formality anymore. If you’re serious about 2026, treat CSAT like a full paper, not just qualifying. CLICK HERE

📍 Many didn’t expect such a paper. UPSC is testing not just knowledge—but your consistency. Don’t leave CSAT for the end. Make it a daily habit. 👇 CLICK HERE FOR NOTES

■ MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST #Interiorofearth ELEMENT - APPROXIMATE % BY WEIGHT ◇ Oxygen - 46.6% ◇ Silicon (Si) - 27.7% ◇ Aluminium (Al) - 8.1% ◇ Iron - 5.0% ◇ Calcium (Ca) - 3.6% ◇ Sodium (Na) - 2.8% ◇ Potassium (K) - 2.6% ◇ Magnesium (Mg) - 1.5% ▪︎ @upsc_geography_notes

✌️Important update: Enlight IAS test series proved to be one of the most successful in prelims again. Hear from Swati Sharma AIR 17, Ayushi Pradhan AIR 36, Anjali Shrotriya AIR 44, Aastha Singh AIR 61, Kanika AIR 64, Abhijit Ray AIR 50, Aaditya Sharma AIR 70, Sunil AIR 77, Anjali Garg AIR 79, Ashis Kumar AIR 85, Shubham Shukla AIR 43, Ankit AIR 99 and 150+ other toppers about EnlightIAS. Click here to know Details of Prelims Test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/9273 Details of Daily Answer Writing: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/9175 For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com

2025 showed us the truth: CSAT is not a formality anymore. If you’re serious about 2026, treat CSAT like a full paper, not just qualifying. CLICK HERE

📍 Many didn’t expect such a paper. UPSC is testing not just knowledge—but your consistency. Don’t leave CSAT for the end. Make it a daily habit. 👇 CLICK HERE FOR NOTES

■ INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH. #interiorofearth ◇ The interior of the earth is made up of several concentric layers of which the crust, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core are significant because of their unique physical and chemical properties. ◇ The crust is a silicate solid, the mantle is a viscous molten rock, the outer core is a viscous liquid, and the inner core is a dense solid. ◇ Mechanically, the earth’s layers can be divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle (part of the Earth's mantle below the lithosphere and the asthenosphere), outer core, and inner core. ◇ Chemically, Earth can be divided into the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. ▪︎ JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

Get your PRELIMS 2025 SCORE checked from ALL Answer Keys! Just Upload your OPTIONS and get your DASHBOARD with MARKS from all Institutes. Check Score at: https://www.myupscmarks.com/login Your Score would be automatically updated once KEYS are UDPATED!