PDFology

Topical Corticosteroid Potencies 📊 #غزة 🇵🇸

قال أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: من قرأ سورة الكهف في يوم الجمعة، أضاء له من النور ما بين الجمعتين. رواه الحاكم والبيهقي وصححه الألباني. قال الرسول ﷺ: "إنَّ في الجُمُعَةِ لَساعَةً، لا يُوافِقُها مُسْلِمٌ، يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ فيها خَيْرًا، إلَّا أعْطاهُ إيَّاهُ" ﴿ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ۚ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا﴾ [ الأحزاب: 56] اللهم إنا نستودعك غزة وأهلها، اللَّهُم كُن لهم عونًا ومعينا، اللهم إنا لا نملك إلا اليسير، فيارب لا ترد لنا دعاء، ولا تخيب لنا رجاء وأنت أرحم الراحمين. اللهم احفظ فلسطين وأهلها والسودان وأهلها، اللهم كن لأهلنا هناك عونا ومعينا، وللمسجد الاقصي حافظا وأمينا، اللهم إنا نستودعك غزة فأحفظها بحفظك يا خير الحافظين. 🚨 إعلانات التلجرام تظهر بشكل إجباري ولا يمكن إلغائها فضلاً عمل ريبورت لأي إعلان قد يظهر به شبهة حرمانية 🚨

https://t.me/mh_m_oud لينك قناة فيها تلاوات أخونا محمود رحمة الله عليه من استطاع منكم أن ينفع أخاه فليفعل قال النبي الكريم صلى الله عليه وسلم "إذا مات ابنُ آدمَ انقطع عملُه إلا من ثلاثٍ صدقةٍ جاريةٍ وعلمٍ ينتفعُ به وولدٍ صالحٍ يدعو له". وهذا أخانا وحبيبنا وله حقٌ علينا جعل الله تلاواته زخراً له يوم القيامة.

#quiz #غزة 🇵🇸

تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Short topics 6️⃣ Telomeres 🧬 By PDFology #Oncology #Tafreghat #غزة 🇵🇸

Comparing the four Renal Tubular Disorders 🆚 #غزة 🇵🇸

ليه ممكن شاب صغير يبقى ضغطه عالي بالرغم ان renin و aldosterone قليلين ⁉️ 🧬 Genetics Liddle syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. It is caused by gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). 💧 Pathophysiology The mutation leads to increased sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. This causes potassium and hydrogen ion excretion, resulting in hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. 📈 Clinical Features Patients present with early-onset hypertension. They often have hypokalemia, muscle weakness, fatigue, and sometimes arrhythmias. 🧪 Laboratory Findings Low plasma renin activity is seen. Aldosterone levels are suppressed (unlike primary hyperaldosteronism). Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are typical. 🩺 Diagnosis Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, lab findings, and genetic testing. It is differentiated from other causes of secondary hypertension by suppressed renin and aldosterone. 💊 Treatment Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists like spironolactone are ineffective. Amiloride or triamterene (ENaC blockers) are the main treatments. A low-salt diet may also help control hypertension. 📉 Prognosis With appropriate treatment, blood pressure and electrolyte disturbances can be well controlled. This helps prevent long-term cardiovascular and renal complications. #PDFology #غزة 🇵🇸

إيه الفرق بين X-Ray 🆚 CT Scan 🆚 MRI? 🩻 X-Ray Uses electromagnetic radiation to create 2D images of bones and dense structures. Quick, inexpensive, and widely available. Best for detecting fractures, dislocations, and lung conditions. Provides limited detail for soft tissues. 🖥️ CT Scan (Computed Tomography) Combines multiple X-ray images to form cross-sectional 3D views. Offers more detail than a regular X-ray. Good for detecting internal bleeding, tumors, and complex bone injuries. Involves higher radiation exposure compared to X-rays. 🧲 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Uses strong magnets and radio waves instead of radiation. Excellent for imaging soft tissues like brain, spinal cord, muscles, and ligaments. Takes longer and is more expensive than X-ray and CT. Cannot be used in patients with certain implants or pacemakers. #PDFology #غزة 🇵🇸

قال أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: من قرأ سورة الكهف في يوم الجمعة، أضاء له من النور ما بين الجمعتين. رواه الحاكم والبيهقي وصححه الألباني. قال الرسول ﷺ: "إنَّ في الجُمُعَةِ لَساعَةً، لا يُوافِقُها مُسْلِمٌ، يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ فيها خَيْرًا، إلَّا أعْطاهُ إيَّاهُ" ﴿ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ۚ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا﴾ [ الأحزاب: 56] اللهم إنا نستودعك غزة وأهلها، اللَّهُم كُن لهم عونًا ومعينا، اللهم إنا لا نملك إلا اليسير، فيارب لا ترد لنا دعاء، ولا تخيب لنا رجاء وأنت أرحم الراحمين. اللهم احفظ فلسطين وأهلها والسودان وأهلها، اللهم كن لأهلنا هناك عونا ومعينا، وللمسجد الاقصي حافظا وأمينا، اللهم إنا نستودعك غزة فأحفظها بحفظك يا خير الحافظين. 🚨 إعلانات التلجرام تظهر بشكل إجباري ولا يمكن إلغائها فضلاً عمل ريبورت لأي إعلان قد يظهر به شبهة حرمانية 🚨

كل ما تحتاج معرفته عن الدواء الجديد Brinsupri®️ لعلاج الـ Bronchiectasis --- 🫁 Mechanism of Action The active ingredient in Brinsupri is brensocatib. Brensocatib is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 (DPP-1). It reduces activation of neutrophil serine proteases. This decreases airway inflammation and prevents lung tissue damage in bronchiectasis. --- 💊 Indication Brinsupri (brensocatib) is developed for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Its aim is to reduce the frequency and severity of pulmonary exacerbations. It acts on inflammation rather than directly on infection. --- 📉 Clinical Benefits Brensocatib significantly lowered exacerbation rates in clinical trials. It delayed the time to first exacerbation. It also reduced bronchiectasis-related hospitalizations. --- ⚠️ Adverse Effects The most common side effects include headache, cough, and upper respiratory tract infections. Some patients experienced skin reactions and dental/gum problems. Long-term safety data is still under investigation. --- 🔬 Clinical Trials In the Phase 2 WILLOW trial, brensocatib showed strong efficacy in reducing exacerbations. A larger Phase 3 ASPEN trial is ongoing to confirm benefits and monitor safety. Regulatory approval will depend on the final outcomes. --- 📌 Key Point Brinsupri (brensocatib) is not an antibiotic. It represents a novel anti-inflammatory therapy for bronchiectasis. If approved, it could become the first targeted anti-inflammatory drug for this condition. #PDFology #غزة 🇵🇸

هل الـ Aspirin ممكن يكون علاج للـ colon cancer ⁉️ 🧬 Aspirin may reduce tumor growth in colon cancer. It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. This decreases prostaglandin synthesis, which is linked to cancer progression. 🩸 Aspirin has anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic inflammation is a key factor in colon carcinogenesis. By lowering inflammation, aspirin may reduce cancer recurrence risk. 🛡️ Aspirin can promote apoptosis of cancer cells. It also inhibits angiogenesis, limiting blood supply to tumors. These mechanisms make it useful as an adjunctive therapy. 📊 Clinical studies suggest aspirin use after diagnosis may improve survival. Benefits are more pronounced in patients with PIK3CA-mutated tumors. This highlights the role of personalized medicine. ⚠️ Aspirin carries risks like gastrointestinal bleeding. Careful patient selection is essential before long-term use. Monitoring and balancing benefits versus risks is required. 💊 Overall, aspirin is not a primary therapy for colon cancer. It is considered an adjunct to surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Ongoing research continues to clarify its role in cancer management. #PDFology #غزة 🇵🇸

كل ما تريد معرفته عن أحدث عائلة لعلاج الضغط Aldosterone synthase inhibitors ASIs 🧬 Definition Aldosterone synthase inhibitors are drugs that block the enzyme CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase). This enzyme is responsible for the final steps of aldosterone synthesis in the adrenal cortex. ⚖️ Mechanism of Action They decrease aldosterone production directly by inhibiting conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone. This leads to reduced sodium retention, reduced potassium excretion, and lower blood pressure. 💊 Examples Key investigational drugs include LCI699 (osilodrostat) and other experimental molecules. Some are studied in resistant hypertension and primary aldosteronism. ❤️ Clinical Uses (Potential/Investigational) Resistant hypertension that does not respond to conventional therapy. Primary aldosteronism where excess aldosterone drives disease. Heart failure, as high aldosterone contributes to remodeling and fluid overload. ⚠️ Adverse Effects Hyperkalemia due to reduced potassium excretion. Hypotension from excessive sodium and water loss. Possible interference with cortisol synthesis depending on selectivity of the drug. 🔬 Current Status Most aldosterone synthase inhibitors are still in clinical trials. Not yet widely approved for routine clinical use. #PDFology #غزة 🇵🇸