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🔆 Survey on Migration – NSS/NSO (2026–27) Source: PIB | 13 Nov 2025 📍 What is it? NSO (under MoSPI) will conduct a Survey on Migration for July 2026–June 2027 to generate updated, reliable data on migration rates, reasons, duration, employment impact & household characteristics. 📍 Background (UPSC Relevant) ✅ Migration surveys have been conducted since 1955 (9th Round) ✅ Detailed rounds: 18th (1963–64) & 64th (2007–08) ✅ Recent data through: PLFS 2020–21 & Multiple Indicator Survey 2020–21 📍 What will the new survey capture? ✅ Rural–urban & inter-state migration patterns ✅ Short-term, return migration ✅ Employment & income profiles of migrants ✅ Impact on households left behind ➡️ Crucial for understanding labour mobility, urbanisation, remittance flows, & social/economic integration. 📍 Why is it important? Provides evidence for targeted planning in: ✅ Urban planning, housing, transportation ✅ Employment generation ✅ Social security & skill development ➡️ Strengthens India’s inclusive growth & regional development framework. 📍 Draft for Public Feedback MoSPI has released the draft schedule for public consultation. Feedback invited from researchers, policymakers & public till 30 Nov 2025. 🔆 UPSC Mains Question (GS1/GS2 – Society + Governance) Q. Discuss the importance of periodic migration surveys in understanding labour mobility and urbanisation patterns in India. How can such data improve socio-economic policymaking? #Governance

🔆 India’s TB Decline – Key Facts (WHO Global TB Report 2025) Source: PIB 📍 Major Achievements ✅ TB incidence down 21% — from 237/lakh (2015) to 187/lakh (2024) (compared to global decline of only 12%) ✅ TB mortality down — 28/lakh → 21/lakh (2015–2024) ✅ Treatment coverage: 92% (one of the highest among high-burden nations) ✅ Treatment success rate: 90% (global avg: 88%) ✅ 26.18 lakh TB patients diagnosed in 2024 (out of estimated 27 lakh cases) 📍 TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyan (launched Dec 2024) ✅ 19 crore individuals screened ✅ 24.5 lakh TB patients detected — includes 8.61 lakh asymptomatic cases ✅ Backed by: • 9391 rapid molecular test centres • 107 culture & DST labs • 500+ AI-enabled X-ray devices (1500 more being deployed) • 1.78 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandirs for decentralised care 📍 Community & Support Systems ✅ Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana DBT increased to ₹1000/month → ₹4,406 crore disbursed to 1.37 crore beneficiaries since 2018 ✅ 6.77 lakh Ni-kshay Mitras + 2 lakh My Bharat volunteers supporting patients ✅ 45 lakh food baskets distributed 📍 Why TB Decline is Significant for UPSC • Demonstrates public health system strengthening, • AI-enabled screening, molecular diagnostics, • Jan Bhagidari model, • Multi-sectoral response + community participation • Critical progress toward SDG 3.3 — End TB by 2030 🔆 Mains Practice Question (GS2 – Health) Q. India has shown one of the fastest declines in TB incidence globally in the last decade. Discuss the key drivers behind this progress and evaluate the challenges that remain in achieving a TB-Mukt Bharat by 2025/2030. #GS3

🔆 Fertilizer Black-Marketing Crackdown (2025–26) Source: PIB (13 Nov 2025) 📍 What Happened? A nationwide crackdown by the Department of Fertilizers (DoF) + DA&FW to secure smooth fertilizer supply for Kharif & Rabi 2025–26. 📍 Key Enforcement Results (Very Important) ✅ 3,17,054 inspections/raids nationwide ✅ 5,119 show-cause notices (black marketing) ✅ 3,645 license cancellations/suspensions ✅ 418 FIRs (black-marketing offences) ✅ Hoarding: 667 notices, 202 cancellations, 37 FIRs ✅ Diversion: 2,991 notices, 451 cancellations, 92 FIRs 📍 Major States’ Action ✅ Uttar Pradesh → 28,273 inspections, 1,957 notices, 2,730 licenses cancelled, 157 FIRs ✅ Maharashtra → 42,566 inspections, 1,000+ license cancellations ✅ Bihar → ~14,000 inspections, 500+ suspensions Other strong performers: Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Odisha, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh 📍 Digital & Real-Time Monitoring ✅ Digital dashboards → live tracking of stock movement ✅ Rapid redirection of seized/hoarded fertilizers ✅ Faster response to farmer complaints Ensures availability, transparency, accountability. 📍 Why It Matters ✅ Prevents artificial shortages & price manipulation ✅ Protects farmer interests ✅ Strengthens national fertilizer supply chain ✅ Reinforces market discipline & rule-of-law in inputs distribution 🔆 UPSC Mains Question (GS-3) Q. How do strict regulatory enforcement and digital monitoring systems contribute to fertilizer availability and curb black-marketing in India? Discuss with recent examples. #GS3

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🔆 India’s Textile Exports Show Resilience & Diversification (2025-26) 📍 Key Highlights ✅ Exports to 111 countries in Apr–Sep 2025 ✅ 10% growth YoY → USD 8,489 million (increase of USD 770 million) ✅ Sector shows resilience despite global tariff barriers + slowdown 📍 Top Markets with Strong Growth ✅ Japan – 19% ✅ UAE – 14.5% ✅ Spain – 9% ✅ France – 9.2% ✅ Germany – 2.9% ✅ UK – 1.5% Non-traditional high-growth markets: ✅ Egypt – 27% ✅ Saudi Arabia – 12.5% ✅ Hong Kong – 69% 📍 Sector Drivers ✅ Ready-Made Garments (RMG) – 3.42% growth ✅ Jute products – 5.56% growth 📍 Why This Matters ✅ Shows adaptability amid global uncertainties ✅ Demonstrates market diversification beyond traditional buyers ✅ Reflects success of Make in India & Aatmanirbhar Bharat ✅ Boosts integration with global value chains 🔆 Mains Practice Question Q. India’s textile exports have shown resilience despite global challenges. What factors enabled this performance, and how can India further strengthen its position in global textile value chains? #GS3 #Economy

🔆 Sahitya Akademi – Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 📍 What’s the News? Sahitya Akademi announced the Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025, awarded for the best works in children’s literature across 24 Indian languages. 📍 Key Highlights ✅ Event Date: 14 November 2025 (Triveni Auditorium, New Delhi) ✅ Presented by: President of Sahitya Akademi – Madhav Kaushik ✅ Chief Guest: Eminent Gujarati writer Varsha Das ✅ Vote of Thanks: VP of Akademi – Kumud Sharma 📍 Award Details ✅ Prize: ₹50,000 + Bronze Plaque ✅ Recognises: Excellence in stories, poetry, plays, memoirs, novels for children 📍 What’s Next? Awardees meet scheduled on 15 November 2025, Ravindra Bhawan, New Delhi, chaired by Vice President of Akademi. 🔆 Mains Practice Question Q. Discuss the role of Sahitya Akademi in promoting children’s literature in India. How do awards like Bal Sahitya Puraskar contribute to cultural and linguistic diversity? #GS1 #art_and_culture

🔆 India–Nepal Ink Deal to Boost Rail Trade Connectivity Source: PIB | 13 Nov 2025 📍 What Happened? India and Nepal signed a Letter of Exchange (LoE) amending the India–Nepal Treaty of Transit, strengthening multimodal freight connectivity. 📍 Key Upgrades (Very Important) ✅ Rail-based freight allowed between Jogbani (India) – Biratnagar (Nepal) for container & bulk cargo ✅ Transit liberalisation extended to major corridors: • Kolkata–Jogbani • Kolkata–Nautanwa (Sunauli) • Visakhapatnam–Nautanwa (Sunauli) ➡️ Boosts Nepal’s trade with third countries 📍 New Rail Connectivity Advantage 🔸 Enables direct rail link for Nepal-bound cargo from Kolkata & Visakhapatnam ports 🔸 Rail link to Nepal Customs Yard (Biratnagar) opened jointly by both PMs in June 2023 🔸 Facilitates cheaper, faster cargo movement 📍 Strategic Importance ✅ Enhances India–Nepal cross-border connectivity ✅ Supports integration of ICPs (Integrated Check Posts) ✅ Strengthens Nepal’s supply chains (India = Nepal’s largest trade partner) ✅ Deepens economic & commercial linkages 🔆 UPSC Mains Question (IR – GS2) Q. Discuss how recent amendments to the India–Nepal Treaty of Transit enhance regional connectivity and economic integration. Highlight the strategic relevance for both countries. #International_relations

🔆 Draft Seeds Bill, 2025 – Public Comments Invited Replaces: Seeds Act, 1966 & Seeds (Control) Order, 1983 Deadline for feedback: 11 December 2025 📍 What is the Draft Seeds Bill, 2025? A new legislation by DA&FW (Ministry of Agriculture) to modernise India’s seed regulation framework and align it with current agricultural, scientific, and market needs. 📍 Key Objectives ✅ Ensure quality seeds & curb sale of spurious/poor-quality seeds ✅ Guarantee affordable high-quality seeds for farmers ✅ Protect farmers’ rights & prevent losses ✅ Liberalise seed imports to promote innovation & global access ✅ Improve seed supply chain transparency & accountability ✅ Promote Ease of Doing Business in agriculture 📍 Enforcement Highlights ✅ Decriminalises minor offences → reduces compliance burden ✅ Strong penalties for serious violations ✅ Supports more efficient, market-friendly regulation 🔆 UPSC Mains Question (GS3 – Agriculture) Q. Critically examine how the Draft Seeds Bill, 2025 seeks to balance farmers’ rights, seed quality regulation, and ease of doing business in the agricultural sector. #GS3

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🔆 NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION — KEY FACTS 📍 Core Targets (2030) ✅ 5 MMT/yr Green H₂ ✅ 125 GW RE capacity ✅ ₹8 lakh cr investments ✅ 6 lakh jobs ✅ Cuts imports by ₹1 lakh+ cr 📍 What Counts as Green H₂? ✅ Produced using renewables/biomass ✅ Emissions ≤ 2 kg CO₂/kg H₂ 📍 Mission Outlay: ₹19,744 cr ✅ SIGHT Scheme: ₹17,490 cr ✅ Pilot Projects: ₹1,466 cr ✅ R&D: ₹400 cr 📍 Key Actions ✅ Electrolyser & H₂ production incentives (SIGHT) ✅ Green Hydrogen Hubs: Deendayal, VOC Port, Paradip ✅ GHCI certification (BEE) ✅ 23 R&D projects + Startup Call 📍 Sectoral Push ✅ Fertilizers: 7.24 LMT green ammonia auction ✅ Steel & Refineries: multiple pilots ✅ Mobility: 37 H₂ vehicles, 9 refuelling stations ✅ Shipping: India’s 1st port pilot at VOC Port 📍 Global Partnerships ✅ EU, UK, Germany (H2Global), Singapore ✅ India Pavilion at World Hydrogen Summit 🔆 MAINS QUESTION “Evaluate the significance of Green Hydrogen in India’s Net-Zero strategy.” #GS3

🔆 Botswana Gifts India 8 Cheetahs for Project Cheetah Symbolic release witnessed by President of India at Mokolodi Nature Reserve 📍 Key Highlights ✅ Botswana gifted 8 cheetahs to India for the next phase of Project Cheetah ✅ Symbolic release at Mokolodi Nature Reserve attended by President Droupadi Murmu & Botswana President Duma Gideon Boko ✅ Cheetahs sourced from Ghanzi region, moved to quarantine facility jointly managed by Indian & Botswanan experts ✅ Marks a new chapter in India–Botswana wildlife cooperation 📍 Diplomatic Engagements ✅ President met Vice President Ndaba Nkosinathi Gaolatlhe & Minister for International Relations Dr. Phenyo Butale ✅ Discussions reaffirmed cooperation in trade, education, health, digital tech, agriculture, renewable energy 📍 Engagement with Indian Community ✅ President addressed Indian diaspora in Gaborone ✅ Highlighted diaspora as cultural ambassadors of India ✅ Encouraged use of OCI scheme, Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas, and deeper community-India connect 📍 Significance for UPSC ✅ Strengthens Project Cheetah (translocation & species recovery) ✅ Enhances India–Botswana bilateral ties ✅ Advances cooperation in wildlife conservation, technology, renewable energy, and people-to-people links 🔆 UPSC Mains Question (GS2 – IR & Conservation) Q. Discuss how wildlife conservation initiatives like Project Cheetah can strengthen India’s environmental diplomacy and South-South cooperation. #International_relations