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🔆 India’s Coffee Sector 📍 Basics • Coffee introduced to India in 1600 AD by Baba Budan in Chikkamagaluru  . • Mostly grown in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu (96%). 📍 Production & Trade • India = 7th largest producer (≈ 3.6 lakh MT). • 70% exported; FY 2024–25 exports hit USD 1.8 bn (+40%)  . 📍 GI Coffees • Coorg Arabica, Wayanad Robusta, Chikkamagaluru Arabica, Araku Valley Arabica, Bababudangiris, Monsooned Malabar  . 📍 Specialty Coffees • Monsooned Malabar AA, Mysore Nuggets, Robusta Kaapi Royale. 📍 Policy Support • GST cut 18% → 5% on instant coffee. • India–UK CETA & India–EFTA TEPA → duty-free access. 📍 Tribal Model • Koraput Coffee (Odisha): doorstep procurement → higher incomes; Fine Cup Awards 2024  . #agriculture

🔆 IIT in Nigeria 📍 Current Update ✅ Nigeria will host West Africa’s first IIT campus ✅ First batch in 2026 → focus on engineering, technology & research 📍 Why It Matters ✅ Major step in India’s global education outreach ✅ Aligned with NEP 2020 → encourages international expansion of Indian institutions 📍 Model Followed ✅ Based on IIT Madras–Zanzibar model (launched 2023) ✅ Similar to IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus (opened 2024, industry-aligned courses) #cse

🔆 “Silkyara Victory Operation” 📍 Key Highlights ✅ Union Minister Bhupender Yadav called the Silkyara Victory Operation a historic achievement in India’s disaster management. ✅ Addressed the World Disaster Management Conference 2025 (Dehradun). ✅ Praised coordinated efforts of international, national, and state institutions in disaster response. 📍 India’s Leadership in Disaster Management ✅ Under PM Narendra Modi, India established CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure) — now globally recognised. ✅ India’s 10-point global disaster agenda is gaining major international support. ✅ Emphasis on Himalayan conservation, climate risks, biodiversity, and safety, especially for Uttarakhand. 📍 Why It Matters ✅ Climate change and human-driven disasters are rising → need for strong global strategy. ✅ Silkyara operation showcases India’s rapid-response capability, technological strength, and coordination. 📍 Mains Question Q. How does the Silkyara Victory Operation highlight India’s growing disaster-response capacity? Discuss its relevance for climate-resilient governance and global initiatives like CDRI. #GS3

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🔆 India Re-elected to IMO Council (2026–27) 📍 Key Facts ✅ India re-elected to IMO Council (Category B) for 2026–27 biennium. ✅ Secured highest votes: 154/169 — top among countries with major interest in international seaborne trade. ✅ This is India’s second consecutive term with the highest tally. 📍 Why It Matters ✅ Reflects global confidence in India’s maritime leadership and reforms. ✅ Supports India’s Amrit Kaal Maritime Vision 2047 for safe, green, and smart shipping. ✅ Boosts India’s role in shaping global maritime rules & cooperation. 📍 About IMO Council (Prelims) ✅ 40 members across 3 categories; Category B = nations with largest interest in seaborne trade. ✅ Acts as executive body of IMO between Assembly sessions. 📍 Contextual Boost ✅ Follows success of India Maritime Week 2025, with participation from 100+ countries. 📍 Mains Question Q. What is the significance of India’s re-election to the IMO Council’s Category B, and how does it advance India’s maritime vision and global shipping leadership? #GS3

EPFO 2025-1.pdf

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🔆 GIFT City 📍 What is GIFT City? ✔️ India’s first International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) and first operational smart city, located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat  ✔️ Spread across 1,000 acres, expanding to 3,300+ acres across SEZ + DTA zones 📍 Governance ✔️ Regulated by IFSCA, a unified regulator under the IFSCA Act 2019 📍 Key Numbers ✔️ 1034+ registered entities in IFSC ✔️ 38 banks, asset base $100.14 bn ✔️ GIFT NIFTY turnover: $102.35 bn (May 2025) ✔️ International stock exchanges: 2 ✔️ Aircraft lessors: 37 | Aircraft leased: 303 ✔️ Ship lessors: 34 | Ships leased: 28 📍 Incentives & Tax Regime ✔️ 100% tax exemption for 10 years in a 15-year block ✔️ 0% GST, 0% MAT, 0% STT/CTT, 0% Stamp Duty ✔️ Customs duty exemption for SEZ imports 📍 Infrastructure (Smart City Features) ✔️ District cooling system, automated waste system, underground utility tunnel ✔️ 99.999% power reliability, Tier-IV data centre ✔️ Metro connectivity + NH-48 + airport access 📍 Strategic Role ✔️ Aims to position India as a global financial hub by 2047 ✔️ Gateway for: sovereign funds, global banks, AIFs, fintech innovation 📍 Major Global Players Present ✔️ Banks: Standard Chartered, HSBC, JP Morgan, Citi, Deutsche Bank ✔️ GCCs: Infineon, Technip, TELUS, Tata Electronics ✔️ Tech: Accenture, Capgemini, IBM, NASSCOM 📍 FinTech & Innovation ✔️ FinTech sandbox, dual authorisation system ✔️ India International Bullion Exchange (IIBX) at GIFT 📍 Education Hub ✔️ Hosts foreign universities—Deakin, Wollongong, Queen’s Belfast, Coventry (page 11) 📍 Why GIFT City Matters ✔️ Enhances India’s global financial competitiveness ✔️ Brings offshore financial activity back onshore ✔️ Boosts job creation, fintech leadership, capital flows ✔️ Strengthens India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision 🔶 Mains Question Q. Discuss how GIFT City can transform India’s financial architecture. Highlight its regulatory advantages, global competitiveness, and associated challenges. #Economy

🔆 India at 25th Summer Deaflympics 2025 📍 Best-ever tally: 20 medals — 9 Gold, 7 Silver, 4 Bronze 📍 Shooting dominates: 16 medals from shooting alone 📍 Star performer: Diksha Dagar successfully defends her golf gold 📍 Event: Tokyo, 2025 📍 PM Modi congratulated athletes, highlighting national pride and their exceptional dedication. #prelims

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🔆 India–Georgia Textile & Sericulture Cooperation 📍 Introduction India concluded a multi-sectoral engagement with Georgia (17–21 Nov 2025) to strengthen cooperation in sericulture, textiles, apparel, carpets, and research. 📍 Key Highlights ✅ Led by Shri P. Sivakumar, Member Secretary, Central Silk Board (CSB) ✅ India represented ISC at the 11th BACSA CULTUSERI 2025 Conference ✅ Presented papers on wild silk, Indo-Bulgarian silkworm hybrid, and sericulture innovation ✅ Showcased India’s premium “5-in-1 Silk Stole” (Mulberry + Oak Tasar + Tropical Tasar + Muga + Eri) 📍 Engagements in Georgia ✅ Meetings with universities, sericulture labs, textile companies, apparel & carpet industry, GCCI ✅ Discussions on market access, value-added silk, carpets, and institutional partnerships ✅ Emphasis on research collaboration and trade diversification 📍 Key Outcomes ✅ Strengthened India–Georgia cooperation in sericulture, textiles & apparel ✅ Promoted India’s innovation via the 5-in-1 Silk Stole ✅ Identified avenues for trade diversification (carpets, high-value textiles) ✅ New pathways for research partnerships & technology transfer ✅ Reinforced India’s role at BACSA and global sericulture forums 📍 Conclusion India’s visit marks a major step in textile diplomacy, boosting bilateral cooperation, innovation exchange, and silk sector growth. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question “India’s textile diplomacy has emerged as a tool of economic engagement and soft power. Critically examine how India’s sericulture cooperation with countries like Georgia strengthens trade diversification and technological advancement.” #InternationalRelations

🔆 India–Canada Cooperation: Critical Minerals, Clean Energy & Emerging Tech 📍 Introduction India and Canada explored deeper collaboration across critical sectors during meetings in New Delhi and at G20 Johannesburg. 📍 Key Areas of Cooperation ✅ Critical Minerals & Processing: Battery minerals, rare earths, and supply-chain diversification. ✅ Clean Energy: Collaboration on solar, nuclear, hydrogen, and doubling India’s clean-energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030. ✅ Emerging Tech: Joint potential in AI, quantum computing, data centres, aerospace, defence & advanced manufacturing. ✅ Trade Expansion: Push to fast-track CEPA negotiations; aim to double bilateral trade by 2030. ✅ Investment Opportunities: Strong Canadian investments in India, including pension funds; rising interest from Canadian firms. 📍 India’s Strengths Highlighted ✅ World’s largest annual pool of STEM graduates ✅ Stable macroeconomic fundamentals; one of the world’s top 5 economies ✅ Fastest-growing major stock market; strong innovation + IPR regimes ✅ 24×7 clean-energy capability at competitive rates 📍 5-Pronged Approach Proposed by India ✅ Deeper CEO-level engagement ✅ Clear roadmaps & measurable outcomes ✅ Enhanced business-to-business ties ✅ Joint innovation & tech collaboration ✅ Focused sectors: critical minerals, clean energy, defence, manufacturing, Make in India 📍 Conclusion Both nations aim to build a trusted, transparent, innovation-driven partnership—supporting India’s goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question “Discuss the strategic significance of India–Canada collaboration in critical minerals, clean energy and emerging technologies. How can this partnership support India’s long-term economic and technological goals?” #InternationalRelations #Economy

🔆 UPSC Centenary Celebration – Key Highlights 📍 Event Overview ✅ Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh hailed UPSC as the “Guardian of India’s Steel Frame” during the Shatabdi Samman celebrations in New Delhi. ✅ The year 2025 marks multiple milestones — 100 years of UPSC, along with anniversaries of Sardar Patel, Birsa Munda, Syama Prasad Mookerjee, and Vande Mataram. 📍 Key Announcements & Themes ✅ Launch of ‘Pratibha Setu’ portal to connect successful candidates with private and institutional opportunities. ✅ UPSC praised for its role in ensuring fairness, neutrality, transparency, and meritocracy in governance. ✅ Leaders including Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla and UPSC Chairman Ajay Kumar lauded UPSC’s global reputation in integrity and impartial selection. 📍 Significance ✅ UPSC continues to uphold constitutional values, strengthen governance, and shape leadership for Viksit Bharat @2047. 📝 UPSC Mains Question: “Evaluate the role of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in strengthening democratic governance and ensuring merit-driven public administration in India. Discuss recent reforms and future challenges.” #GS2

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🔆 India–Nepal Joint Military Exercise: SURYAKIRAN XIX (2025) 📍 Key Highlights ✅ 19th edition commenced at Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand (25 Nov–08 Dec 2025) ✅ 334 personnel each from India (Assam Regiment) & Nepal (Devi Datta Regiment) ✅ Aim: Joint rehearsal of Sub-Conventional Ops under UN Chapter VII 📍 Focus Areas ✅ Jungle warfare & mountain counter-terror ops ✅ HADR, medical response, environmental conservation ✅ Integrated ground–aviation operations ✅ Use of niche tech: UAS, drone-ISR, AI-enabled tools, unmanned logistics, armoured platforms 📍 Outcomes ✅ Higher interoperability & reduced operational risk ✅ Exchange of drills & best practices ✅ Strengthened defence cooperation and bilateral ties 📝 UPSC Mains Question “Discuss the significance of Exercise SURYAKIRAN in enhancing India–Nepal defence cooperation. How does it contribute to regional security and UN peacekeeping capabilities?” #GS2 #InternationalRelations #IR