Pathology videos & books

Correct Answer - A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Coagulative necrosis Coagulative necrosis * This is most common type of necrosis. * This type of necrosis is most frequently caused by sudden cessation of blood flow (ischemia) in organs such as heart (MI), Kidney (ATN), adrenal gland, and spleen. Note: Brain is the only exception, i.e.,. It is the only solid organ in which ischemia leads to liquifactive necrosis not coagulative necrosis. * It is also seen with other types of injury e.g.,liver necrosis in viral hepatitis, Coagulative necrosis of skin after burns (Thermal injury). Why there is predominant protein denaturation and no enzymatic digestion ? Hypoxia causes intracellular acidosis (has been explained earlier) > .t pH results in denaturation ofproteins which includes not only structural proteins hut also enzymes So, there is no enzymatic digestion. o The necrotic cells retain their cellular outline for several days. Liquefactive necrosis * It is the necrotic degradation of tissue that rapidly undergo softening and liquefaction

Correct Answer is D

Choose correct option

Correct Answer-A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hyertension More than 90% of dissections occur in men between the ages of 40 and 60 with antecedent hypertension

Correct Answer - B Ans.is 'b'i.e., Atheromatous plaque Dystrophic calcification * When pathological calcification takes place in dead, dying or degenerated tissue, it is called dystrophic calcification. o Calcium metabolism is not altered and serum calcium level is normal. Dystrophic calcification in Dystrophic calcification in dead tissues degenerated tissues 1.In caseous necrosis of 1. Atheromatous plague tuberculosis 2. Monkeberg's sclerosis (most common which may b& Psommama bodies in lymph nodes) 4. Dens old scars 2.Chronic abscess in 5. Senile degenrated changes such liquifactive necrosis as in costal cartilage, tracheal, 3.Fungal granuloma bronchial rings, Pineal gland in 4.Infarct brain. 5.Thrombi 6. Heart valves damaged by 6.Haematomas rheumatic fever. 7.Dead parasites- Cystecercosis/Toxoplasma Hydatid/Schistosoma 8.In fat necrosis of breast & other tissues

Correct Answer -C ED50 refers to Effective Dose of a drug needed to produce a particular response in 50% of population. It is a quantitative measure of the potency of a drug. Smaller the ED50 value, more potent is the drug Ref: Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology By lan P. Stolerman, Volume 2, Page 456

Answer -C Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cytoplasmic vacuole o Fatty changes occur in alcoholic steatosis (fatty liver). It is manifested by appearence of lipid vacuole in the cytoplasm, which is a sign of reversible injury. ○ Other three options (loss of cell membrane, nuclear karyolysis and pyknosis) are signs of irreversible injur