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🔆 Employment & Small Enterprises – NCAER Report ✅ Skilled workforce + higher productivity in small enterprises = major job creation ✅ Self-employment dominates, driven by necessity, not entrepreneurship ✅ 1% rise in access to credit → 45% increase in hired workers ✅ Digital adoption boosts hiring by ~78% ✅ Labour-intensive manufacturing & services key to sustaining ~8% GDP growth ✅ Expanding formally skilled workforce can generate ~9.3 million jobs by 2030 📍 Mains Question: Discuss how skilling, credit access, and productivity enhancement in small enterprises can transform India’s employment landscape. #GS3 #IndianEconomy #economy

🔆 Ensuring Everyday Essentials & Human Dignity 📍 Core Message Dr. P. K. Mishra emphasises that Human Rights Day is a call to secure dignity in everyday life — through access to essentials, strong public services, and citizen-centred governance. 📍 India’s Evolving Human Rights Vision ✅ Human rights now include technology, environment, privacy, digital inclusion. ✅ India’s civilisational values — dharma, nyaya, seva, vasudhaiva kutumbakam — shape its dignity-first governance approach. 📍 Shift From Paper Rights → Delivered Rights ✅ Post-2014 focus on saturation coverage, digital public infrastructure & DBT for credible delivery. 📍 Four Pillars Ensuring Everyday Essentials ✅ Dignity at Home → Housing, water, toilets, electricity, clean cooking fuel. ✅ Social Protection → Food security, health insurance, pensions, support for informal & gig workers. ✅ Inclusive Economic Growth → JAM Trinity, Jan Dhan, Mudra, SVANidhi, women-led development. ✅ Justice & Protection → New criminal laws, fast-track courts, disability rights, tribal welfare (PM-JANMAN). 📍 Global & Governance Outlook ✅ India elected to UNHRC — recognition of inclusive development. ✅ Future challenges: climate justice, AI governance, data protection, algorithmic fairness, gig-worker vulnerabilities. ✅ Good governance itself is a fundamental right — efficiency, transparency, grievance redressal, timely service delivery. 📍 Bottom Line Ensuring dignity means shifting from scheme delivery to citizen-centred governance: empowering people as partners, not beneficiaries. #Gs2 #polity

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🔆 Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) Project 📍 Project Status ✅ AERB has cleared Initial Fuel Loading (IFL), First Approach to Criticality (FAC) & Low Power Physics Experiments (LPPE) for PFBR. ✅ 37 sub-assemblies loaded so far; criticality next milestone. 📍 Domestic Nuclear Ecosystem ✅ India now has robust govt + private manufacturing for fuel, heavy water, neutron absorbers, zirconium alloys, detectors & reactor components. ✅ Private sector capable of supplying equipment for 700 MWe PHWRs, 200 MWe BSMR-200, 55 MWe SMR-55. 📍 Resource Security (AMD & UCIL) ✅ AMD actively exploring uranium, thorium, niobium, tantalum, REEs. ✅ UCIL operates 7 mines + 2 processing plants in Jharkhand & 1 mine + plant in Andhra Pradesh. 📍 Nuclear Waste Management ✅ Strict framework under Atomic Energy Act 1962 & 1987 Rules. ✅ No radioactive waste released without clearance. ✅ Low/intermediate waste treated & stored onsite in engineered structures with continuous monitoring. 📍 Make in India Boost ✅ BARC nurturing new vendors; private-sector capacity expansion driven by reactor orders. #GS3 #prelims #GS3 #science_and_technology #science_technology Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_science_and_technology

🔆 Handicrafts at the Heart of India’s Rural Economy 📍 Why Handicrafts Matter ✅ Provides livelihoods to 64.66 lakh artisans—majority rural, women (64% of artisans; 71% of weavers). ✅ 318 GI-tagged products + 455 craft categories → immense cultural & economic depth. ✅ Key source of non-farm rural income, especially during off-agri seasons. 📍 Strong Export Performance 📦 Handicraft exports (2024–25): ₹33,122.79 crore (big jump from 2014–15). ➡️ Major categories: woodware, art metalware, handprinted textiles, embroidery, imitation jewellery. 📍 USA buys ~37% of India’s handicrafts. 📍 Government Support 🔹 NHDP → end-to-end cluster support, infra, tools, design training, social security. 🔹 CHCDS → world-class clusters, SMEs linkage, product diversification. 🔹 SFURTI → revives traditional industries, builds artisan collectives. 🔹 Pehchan ID → 32 lakh+ artisans registered → formal identity + scheme access. 🔹 Skill initiatives → Design workshops, Guru-Shishya, NSQF training, toolkits. 📍 Market Access Boost 🎪 786 marketing events (2023–24) & Indie Haat, IITF exhibitions → expand domestic + global linkages. 📍 ODOP & GI support → strengthens regional crafts. 📍 Handloom Integration ✔️ 356 small + 2 mega clusters sanctioned ✔️ 42,895 MUDRA loans ✔️ 5.34 lakh trained under SAMARTH 📍 Policy Enablers GST cuts on craft items, labour codes’ social security benefits, RoSCTL/RoDTEP for export competitiveness. 📍 Core Insight Handicrafts = women-led, rural, inclusive livelihood engine + high export potential. Consistent policy support is pushing it toward modern skills, stronger clusters, and global integration. 📍 Mains Question Discuss how India’s handicraft sector strengthens rural livelihoods and evaluate the role of recent government schemes in transforming the artisan economy. #GS1 #GS3 #art_and_culture

🔆 Mental Health & Stress Management for Women – Govt Measures ✅ Primary responsibility for mental health lies with States; Centre provides policy, funding & convergence support  ✅ Rights-based framework under Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 (decriminalises suicide attempt)  ✅ Tele-MANAS: 53 cells in 36 States/UTs, services in 20 languages; ~30 lakh calls handled  ✅ NMHP & DMHP operational in 767 districts via NHM for counselling, drugs & outreach  ✅ Ayushman Arogya Mandirs: mental health added at primary care level  ✅ Mission Shakti: 864 One Stop Centres; 12.67 lakh women assisted (medical, legal, psycho-social)  ✅ Workplace safety: SHe-Box (PoSH), Labour Codes (equal pay, night work with safeguards, health check-ups)  📌 Mains Question: Discuss India’s multi-pronged approach to addressing mental health and stress among women. Evaluate its effectiveness and gaps. #GS2 #SocialJustice

🔆 India’s Resolution on Global Wildfire Management (UNEA-7) ✅ India’s resolution on “Strengthening the Global Management of Wildfires” adopted at UNEA-7, Nairobi ✅ Calls for shift from reactive response to proactive prevention ✅ Emphasis on early warning systems, risk mapping & satellite monitoring ✅ Highlights wildfire risks due to climate change & human activities ✅ Supports global cooperation, capacity building & access to climate finance ✅ Aligns with Integrated Fire Management approach under UNEP–FAO Global Fire Management Hub 📍 Mains Question: Wildfires are emerging as a transboundary climate risk. Discuss the need for integrated global wildfire management mechanisms. #GS3 #Environment

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🔆 India Drives Global Renewable Energy Surge 📍 Key Points ✅ India records 31.25 GW non-fossil capacity addition in FY 25–26 (highest ever) ✅ Solar leads with 24.28 GW ✅ India now a major global contributor to renewable growth (46 GW solar added 2022–24) ✅ Odisha to get 1.5 lakh rooftop solar units under new ULA model, benefiting 7–8 lakh people 📍 Why Important? ✔ Strengthens India’s clean-energy leadership ✔ Accelerates energy transition + climate commitments ✔ Boosts household savings & local empowerment 📌 Mains Question: How does India’s rapid renewable energy expansion strengthen its global leadership in the clean-energy transition? #GS3

🔆 National Makhana Board & Central Sector Scheme ✅ National Makhana Board held its first meeting ✅ ₹476 crore Central Sector Scheme (2025–31) launched for makhana sector ✅ Focus on research, quality seed production & farmer training ✅ Boost to value addition, branding, market linkages & exports ✅ Infrastructure for grading, drying, popping & packaging ✅ Aim: higher farmer incomes & modernised makhana value chain 📍 Mains Question: How can crop-specific institutions like the National Makhana Board contribute to farmers’ income enhancement and agri-value chain development in India? #GS3 #Agriculture

🔆 Finance Commission Grants for Rural Local Bodies 📍 Core Facts (AP Focus) ✅ 15th Finance Commission grants to Andhra Pradesh: ₹12,856 cr allocated; ₹11,653.9 cr released (2020–26). ✅ Funds go to all tiers — Zilla Parishads, Mandal Parishads, Gram Panchayats (district-wise utilisation data shown in Annexure-III). ✅ 11.21 lakh activities completed via FC grants (infra + services). ✅ Under RGSA, AP created: – 617 Gram Panchayat buildings – 10 DPRCs – 500 computers for Panchayats (Annexure-IV). 📍 Why Some Funds Not Released? ✅ No RGSA release in some years due to unspent balance + missing documents from State. 📍 Key Schemes Mentioned ✅ RGSA – Capacity building, GP buildings, digitalisation. ✅ IoP Awards – Incentives for best Panchayats. ✅ SVAMITVA – Drone-based property cards. ✅ e-Panchayat MMP – Digital governance, transparency. 📍 FC Fund Pattern – Tied grants: water, sanitation, environment. – Untied grants: general development. #Governance

🔆 Promotion and Growth of Tourism in India 📍 Why in Focus? India’s international tourist arrivals (ITAs) have sharply rebounded post-pandemic, crossing 205 lakh in 2024. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ ITAs rose from 63 lakh (2020) → 206 lakh (2024). ✅ OPP budget fluctuated, peaking at ₹115 cr (2020–21) and now ₹33 cr (2024–25). ✅ Smart Cities Mission improving mobility, sanitation, heritage restoration & riverfront renewal. ✅ Swachh Bharat upgraded hygiene at major tourist sites. ✅ Govt initiatives: 24×7 multilingual Tourist Helpline, Code of Conduct for Safe Tourism, strengthening Tourist Police, and Nirbhaya-funded Safe Tourism Destinations for Women. 📍 Implications: ✔️ Tourism revival supports jobs & economy ✔️ Better safety, infrastructure & heritage preservation boost global appeal ✅ Mains Question: How is India strengthening tourism growth through infrastructure upgrades and safety initiatives? ✨ #GS3 #GS2

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🔆 Gaps in India’s Disaster Management System 📍 What Exists ✅ DM Act 2005 (amended 2025), NDMA–SDMA–DDMA framework, NDMP, PM’s 10-Point Agenda. 📍 Key Gaps ❗ Uneven state capacity → states lack manpower, training, and planning depth. ❗ Urban vulnerability → need for new UDMAs shows earlier neglect of city-level risks. ❗ Financial limits → SDRF/NDRF cover only immediate relief, not long-term recovery. ❗ Coordination delays → IMCT-based assessments slow fund release. ❗ Heavy reliance on Armed Forces/NDRF → states not self-sufficient. ❗ Weak district systems → DDMAs under-resourced; data & early-warning use uneven. 📍 Needed Fixes ✅ Stronger DDMA + UDMA capacity ✅ Faster fund disbursal ✅ More pre-disaster mitigation funding ✅ Better urban safety, tech-based risk mapping & state-level preparedness 📍 Mains Question Identify key gaps in India’s disaster management system and suggest reforms post the 2025 DM Act amendment. #GS3 #DisasterManagement