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🔆 100+ Years of Kodaikanal Solar Data Reveal New Clues to the Sun’s Future 📍 Introduction Astronomers have reconstructed the Sun’s past polar magnetic fields using century-old images from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO), offering deeper insight into future solar activity. 📍 Key Findings ✅ Researchers used historical Ca II K images (since 1904) + modern AI algorithms to map the polar magnetic behaviour from 1904–2022. ✅ The method reconstructs polar fields for periods before direct measurements (1970s), filling a major knowledge gap. ✅ Identifying “polar networks” near the Sun’s poles provides a strong proxy for actual polar field strength. ✅ The new reconstruction helps estimate the strength of Solar Cycle 25. 📍 Why This Matters ✅ Solar magnetic behaviour affects sunspots, flares, and geomagnetic storms. ✅ Understanding polar fields helps predict solar storms, which can damage satellites, GPS, communication networks, and power grids. ✅ KoSO’s dataset—now digitised—is a powerful global resource for AI/ML applications in solar science. 📍 Institutions Involved • ARIES (DST India) • Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology • Southwest Research Institute (USA) • Max Planck Institute (Germany) • INAF (Italy) 📍 Conclusion KoSO’s century-long archive is now a big-data goldmine, offering the most reliable long-term reconstruction of solar magnetism to date—crucial for forecasting future solar behaviour. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question: “Explain the significance of studying the Sun’s polar magnetic fields. How can long-term solar data improve forecasting of geomagnetic storms and their impact on Earth?” #Science_technology

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🔆 Rights of Transgender Persons in India — Key Highlights (2025 Update) (Crisp, factual, UPSC-ready — with proper file citation) 📍 Introduction India has strengthened protections for transgender persons through legal reforms, welfare schemes, and digital inclusion — reflecting a shift toward equality and dignity.  📍 Legal Framework ✅ NALSA Judgment (2014): Recognised transgender persons as “third gender”; affirmed right to self-identification and equality under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, 21. ✅ Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019: • Prohibits discrimination (education, jobs, healthcare, housing). • Ensures right to self-perceived gender identity. • Provides ID certificates via District Magistrate. • Mandates welfare schemes, inclusive education, healthcare, and protection.  ✅ Rules 2020: • States must set up Transgender Protection Cells (20 established). • Transgender Welfare Boards functioning in 25 States/UTs.  📍 Institutional Mechanisms ✅ National Council for Transgender Persons (constituted 2020; reconstituted 2023): Advises on policies, monitors schemes, coordinates across ministries, and handles grievances.  📍 Major Government Initiatives ✅ National Portal for Transgender Persons (2020): Online certificate & ID issuance; multilingual; end-to-end digital process.  ✅ SMILE Scheme (2022): • Skill training & employability • Scholarships to reduce drop-outs • Ayushman Bharat TG Plus: ₹5 lakh annual coverage for gender-affirming care, surgeries, counselling • Garima Greh: 21 shelter homes across 17 States + 3 new sanctioned (total 24).  📍 Progress So Far (as shown in infographic on page 7) • 725 trained in skill development; 500+ more planned. • 1,800 trained under entrepreneurship programmes. • 80 Ayushman TG health cards issued via NGOs. • 296 Transgender SHGs formed; ₹3.12 crore loans disbursed. • Aadhaar now accepts TG ID for updates. • Toilets included for TG persons under Swachh Bharat policy.  📍 Conclusion India’s reforms — from NALSA to the 2019 Act, SMILE, Garima Greh, and digital certification — lay a strong foundation for dignity, autonomy, and social inclusion of transgender persons. Continued awareness, sensitisation, and institutional strengthening remain key. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question: “Discuss how recent legal reforms and welfare schemes have strengthened the rights and dignity of transgender persons in India. What gaps remain in achieving full social inclusion?” #SocialJustice

🔆 India’s Chance to Reshape Global Climate Finance 📍 Introduction The PM highlighted Union Minister Bhupender Yadav’s article arguing that India now has a major opportunity to push for transparent, standardised, and accountable global climate finance. 📍 Key Points ✅ India’s draft Climate Finance Taxonomy offers clear rules on what qualifies as “green,” reducing ambiguity. ✅ Growing domestic green finance (renewables, green bonds, SDG-linked investments) shows India’s ability to lead by example. ✅ Current global climate finance suffers from unclear definitions, weak tracking, and lack of trust between developed and developing nations. 📍 Why India’s Leadership Matters ✅ India combines policy innovation + practical implementation (taxonomy + green investments). ✅ As a major emerging economy, India can push for common standards, better reporting, and fairness in climate finance flows. ✅ Aligns with India’s long-standing call: “Just as we track mitigation, we must also track finance.” 📍 Conclusion India’s push for a clear climate finance framework can help build a credible and effective global architecture, ensuring climate commitments are matched with real money and real transparency. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question: “Discuss how India’s emerging leadership in climate finance—through tools like the Climate Finance Taxonomy—can strengthen global transparency and equity in climate action.” #GS3 #prelims #environment Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC https://t.me/Upsc_4_environment

🔆 NITI Aayog Releases Water Budgeting Report for Aspirational Blocks 📍 Introduction NITI Aayog has released a report on “Water Budgeting in Aspirational Blocks” to strengthen local water security and support the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047. 📍 Key Highlights ✅ Assessment of 18 aspirational blocks across 11 States covering 8 agro-climatic zones. ✅ Water budgeting provides a structured method to estimate demand across human, livestock, agriculture & industry. ✅ Uses ‘Varuni’, a web-based platform, to enable block-level integrated water management. 📍 Why It Matters ✅ Helps identify water demand–supply gaps, challenges, and suitable interventions. ✅ Supports proactive water management using data-driven planning. ✅ Customised strategies recommended for each block due to varied water endowments. ✅ Enables localisation of water budgeting, hotspot identification, and efficient water use. 📍 Outcome & Broader Significance ✅ Strengthens community participation for improving water availability and health outcomes. ✅ Supports India’s transition toward climate resilience, digital water governance, and sustainable development. 📍 Conclusion The report sets the foundation for equitable water distribution and long-term water security across diverse landscapes. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question: “Discuss the significance of localised water budgeting in enhancing water security. How can tools like Varuni strengthen climate-resilient water governance in India?” #goverment_schemes Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_government_scheme

🔺️GET READY TO BOOST YOUR UPSC CSE PRELIMS PREPARATION WITH ✔️⤵️ ☆ UPSC Prelims Accelerator Program 2.0 ☆

15 December – 17 May | 5-Month Intensive Preparation

A structured, disciplined program designed to complete the  Prelims syllabus through daily topic-wise Bot Quiz  and MCQs with fixed schedule.

☆ Program Features

• Daily 9 PM – Live Quiz (Both GS & CSAT as per schedule) • All MCQs available later for practice & revision • 30 Topic-wise MCQs Daily • Saturday: CSAT Practice – 15 MCQs • Sunday: OFF (Weekly Reset & Revision) • MCQs based on PYQs of UPSC CSE, CDS, CAPF & State PSC • Explanations for conceptual clarity

☆ Program Duration

• 15 December – 17 May (5 Months) A complete topic-wise syllabus schedule is provided, ensuring disciplined preparation and full coverage of the UPSC Prelims.

☆ Fee Structure

* Pre-Enrollment Offer: ₹999 ₹899 * After 10 December: ₹999 Demo que CLICK HERE DM -@muskann_1506 @queen_of_hell28 Best wishes💫 Team Anmol Vachan

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🔆 India’s Expanding Role in the Global Space Order 📍 Introduction Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh highlighted that “Space” will secure India’s place as a frontline global nation, driven by fast-growing private sector engagement and innovation-led reforms. 📍 Key Highlights ✅ India is emerging as a preferred global destination for space partnerships and investment. ✅ Post-2019 reforms—opening the sector to private players, establishing IN-SPACe, and releasing the Space Policy 2023—have transformed the ecosystem. ✅ Massive rise in start-ups: 300+ space start-ups, foreign investments, rapid scaling. ✅ IISC 2025 theme: Innovation, Inclusion & Resilience in the New Space Age. 📍 India’s Space Achievements ✅ Chandrayaan soft landing, discovery of lunar water. ✅ Mangalyaan success. ✅ Launch of 104 satellites in one go. ✅ Growing satellite-enabled solutions for citizen welfare. 📍 Space Tech in Governance Nearly 70% of India’s space applications now support: • Gati Shakti planning • Land mapping (SWAMITVA) • Disaster management • Telemedicine in remote regions • Railway safety systems • Weather forecasting & connectivity 📍 Regional & Global Outreach India’s satellites now support Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, strengthening neighbourhood-first cooperation. 📍 Conclusion With the space economy expected to grow fivefold, India is poised to strengthen its position in the global space architecture, driven by innovation, inclusive reforms, and private-sector dynamism. 🔹 UPSC Mains Question: “Discuss how recent policy reforms and private sector participation are transforming India into a major global space power. Evaluate the implications for governance and international cooperation.” #prelims #GS3 #science_and_technology #science_technology Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_science_and_technology

🔆 India–UK Joint Military Exercise: AJEYA WARRIOR-25 📍 Introduction The 8th edition of the bilateral military exercise AJEYA WARRIOR-25 between India and the UK began at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges, Rajasthan. Scheduled: 17–30 November 2025 📍 Key Highlights ✅ 240 personnel — equal representation from both armies ✅ India represented by Sikh Regiment ✅ Conducted under a United Nations mandate ✅ Focus: Counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban terrain ✅ Includes: • Brigade-level joint mission planning • Tactical drills & simulations • Company-level field exercises • Real-life counter-terror scenario training 📍 Objectives ✅ Share best operational practices ✅ Enhance tactical proficiency ✅ Strengthen coordinated responses to complex threats ✅ Reinforce defence cooperation & regional stability 📍 Background Held biennially since 2011, AJEYA WARRIOR is a key pillar of India-UK defence engagement. 📍 Conclusion The 2025 edition deepens military interoperability and reflects shared commitment to professionalism and global peace. 🔹 Mains Question “Discuss the strategic significance of bilateral military exercises like AJEYA WARRIOR for India’s defence preparedness and diplomatic relations.” #Defence