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🔆 Rights of Transgender Persons in India — Key Highlights (2025 Update)
(Crisp, factual, UPSC-ready — with proper file citation)
📍 Introduction
India has strengthened protections for transgender persons through legal reforms, welfare schemes, and digital inclusion — reflecting a shift toward equality and dignity.
📍 Legal Framework
✅ NALSA Judgment (2014): Recognised transgender persons as “third gender”; affirmed right to self-identification and equality under Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, 21.
✅ Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019:
• Prohibits discrimination (education, jobs, healthcare, housing).
• Ensures right to self-perceived gender identity.
• Provides ID certificates via District Magistrate.
• Mandates welfare schemes, inclusive education, healthcare, and protection.
✅ Rules 2020:
• States must set up Transgender Protection Cells (20 established).
• Transgender Welfare Boards functioning in 25 States/UTs.
📍 Institutional Mechanisms
✅ National Council for Transgender Persons (constituted 2020; reconstituted 2023):
Advises on policies, monitors schemes, coordinates across ministries, and handles grievances.
📍 Major Government Initiatives
✅ National Portal for Transgender Persons (2020):
Online certificate & ID issuance; multilingual; end-to-end digital process.
✅ SMILE Scheme (2022):
• Skill training & employability
• Scholarships to reduce drop-outs
• Ayushman Bharat TG Plus: ₹5 lakh annual coverage for gender-affirming care, surgeries, counselling
• Garima Greh: 21 shelter homes across 17 States + 3 new sanctioned (total 24).
📍 Progress So Far (as shown in infographic on page 7)
• 725 trained in skill development; 500+ more planned.
• 1,800 trained under entrepreneurship programmes.
• 80 Ayushman TG health cards issued via NGOs.
• 296 Transgender SHGs formed; ₹3.12 crore loans disbursed.
• Aadhaar now accepts TG ID for updates.
• Toilets included for TG persons under Swachh Bharat policy.
📍 Conclusion
India’s reforms — from NALSA to the 2019 Act, SMILE, Garima Greh, and digital certification — lay a strong foundation for dignity, autonomy, and social inclusion of transgender persons. Continued awareness, sensitisation, and institutional strengthening remain key.
🔹 UPSC Mains Question:
“Discuss how recent legal reforms and welfare schemes have strengthened the rights and dignity of transgender persons in India. What gaps remain in achieving full social inclusion?”
#SocialJustice #society
https://t.me/upsc_society_gs
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Repost from UPSC PIB NEWS current affairs polity geography science economy government schemes ir prelims mains
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🔆 16th Finance Commission Submits Report (2026–31)
📍 Introduction
The 16th Finance Commission (XVIFC), chaired by Dr. Arvind Panagariya, submitted its report to the President of India for the award period 2026–27 to 2030–31.
📍 Key Highlights
✅ Constituted under Article 280(1) of the Constitution.
✅ Report covers the distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union & States.
✅ Includes recommendations on:
• Vertical & horizontal devolution
• Grants-in-aid to States
• Disaster management financing
• Local government finances
✅ XVIFC consulted:
• Union & State governments
• Local bodies
• Previous FC members
• Academic + multilateral institutions
• Advisory Council & domain experts
📍 Report Structure
• Volume I: Recommendations
• Volume II: Annexures & data
Report will be made public after being tabled in Parliament under Article 281.
📍 Conclusion
The submission marks a major step in shaping India’s fiscal federal framework for the next five years.
🔹 Mains Question
“Discuss the significance of the 16th Finance Commission’s recommendations in strengthening cooperative federalism in India.”
#polity
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🔆 NATIONAL GREEN HYDROGEN MISSION — KEY FACTS
📍 Core Targets (2030)
✅ 5 MMT/yr Green H₂
✅ 125 GW RE capacity
✅ ₹8 lakh cr investments
✅ 6 lakh jobs
✅ Cuts imports by ₹1 lakh+ cr
📍 What Counts as Green H₂?
✅ Produced using renewables/biomass
✅ Emissions ≤ 2 kg CO₂/kg H₂
📍 Mission Outlay: ₹19,744 cr
✅ SIGHT Scheme: ₹17,490 cr
✅ Pilot Projects: ₹1,466 cr
✅ R&D: ₹400 cr
📍 Key Actions
✅ Electrolyser & H₂ production incentives (SIGHT)
✅ Green Hydrogen Hubs: Deendayal, VOC Port, Paradip
✅ GHCI certification (BEE)
✅ 23 R&D projects + Startup Call
📍 Sectoral Push
✅ Fertilizers: 7.24 LMT green ammonia auction
✅ Steel & Refineries: multiple pilots
✅ Mobility: 37 H₂ vehicles, 9 refuelling stations
✅ Shipping: India’s 1st port pilot at VOC Port
📍 Global Partnerships
✅ EU, UK, Germany (H2Global), Singapore
✅ India Pavilion at World Hydrogen Summit
🔆 MAINS QUESTION
“Evaluate the significance of Green Hydrogen in India’s Net-Zero strategy.”
#GS3
doc20251112690301.pdf1.66 MB
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