UPSC PIB NEWS current affairs polity geography science economy government schemes ir prelims mains

🔆 VOPPA Order 2025: Key Facts 📍 Why in News? Govt launched nationwide workshops to implement the amended Vegetable Oil Products Production & Availability (Regulation) Order, 2025. 📍 Key Features ✅ Mandatory registration of all edible-oil units on VOPPA portal ✅ Monthly returns by 15th (production, imports, stocks, sales). ✅ Ensures data-driven monitoring, transparency & better policy planning. ✅ Non-compliance → penalties under Essential Commodities Act & Statistics Act. 📍 Workshops Held across major edible-oil clusters to: ✅ Train units on NSWS & VOPPA portal ✅ Improve compliance and smooth implementation 📍 Significance ✅ Strengthens supply-chain transparency ✅ Boosts national food security ✅ Supports Atmanirbhar, data-driven edible-oil ecosystem 🔆 Mains Q Q. How can the VOPPA Order 2025 improve transparency and strengthen India’s edible-oil supply chain? #GS3 #economy #FoodSecurity

🔆 India–Bhutan: Key Outcomes of PM Modi’s State Visit (11–12 Nov 2025) 📍 Strategic Highlights ✅ PM visited Bhutan on invitation of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck ✅ Guest of Honour at 70th Birth Anniversary of the Fourth Druk Gyalpo ✅ Participated in Global Peace Prayer Festival; Buddha’s Piprahwa Relics displayed in Bhutan 📍 Development Partnership ✅ India reaffirmed full support to Bhutan’s 13th Five Year Plan & Economic Stimulus Programme ✅ India backs His Majesty’s vision for Gelephu Mindfulness City ✅ India to set up Immigration Check Post at Hatisar (Assam) for easier access to Gelephu 📍 Hydropower Cooperation ✅ Joint inauguration of 1020 MW Punatsangchhu–II HEP → electricity export to India begins ✅ Work to resume on 1200 MW Punatsangchhu–I main dam ✅ India announces INR 40,000 crore concessional LoC for Bhutan’s energy projects ✅ Indian firms actively involved in Bhutan’s hydropower sector 📍 Connectivity & Trade ✅ Strengthening border infrastructure & ICPs ✅ Operationalised: ICP Darranga (2024), IW Terminal + MMLP at Jogighopa (2025) ✅ MoU (2025) for cross-border rail links: • Gelephu–Kokrajhar • Samtse–Banarhat ➡ Project Steering Committee established 📍 Essential Supplies ✅ Institutionalised arrangement for uninterrupted supply of essential commodities & fertilisers ➡ First fertiliser consignment delivered 📍 Cooperation in New Domains ✅ Expansion in STEM, Fintech, Digital Payments, Space ✅ UPI Phase-II → Bhutanese visitors can pay in India using local apps ✅ NIMHANS & Indian teachers/nurses supporting Bhutan’s health & education sectors 📍 Cultural Cooperation ✅ Consecration of Royal Bhutan Temple at Rajgir ✅ India allocates land for Bhutanese Temple & Guest House in Varanasi 📍 MoUs Signed ✅ Renewable Energy ✅ Health & Medicine ✅ Mental Health (NIMHANS linkages) 🔆 Mains Question (GS2 – IR) Q. Discuss how India’s recent initiatives in hydropower, connectivity, and digital cooperation have strengthened its strategic partnership with Bhutan. Illustrate with examples from the 2025 State Visit. #International_relations

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🔆 Quantum Diamond Microscopy (QDM) – Key Points 📍 Why in News? ✅ India unveiled its first indigenous Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM) at ESTIC 2025, developed by IIT Bombay (P-Quest Group) under the National Quantum Mission (NQM). ✅ It has earned India’s first patent in the quantum-sensing domain. 🔆 What is QDM? (Simple Explanation) A quantum microscope that uses defects inside diamond (called Nitrogen-Vacancy or NV centres) to map magnetic fields in 3D at nanoscale resolution. 🟦 MRI for chips + super-sensitive scanner for brain activity. 📍 How it Works (Key Facts) ✅ NV centres = tiny atomic defects → extremely sensitive to magnetic, electric & thermal signals ✅ Uses ODMR (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance) to read magnetic fields ✅ Supports dynamic magnetic field imaging ✅ Can image magnetic activity like an optical microscope, but at nanometer scale 🔆 Applications 📍 Neuroscience ✅ Maps magnetic activity of neurons → useful for brain research 📍 Materials & Semiconductor Research ✅ Non-destructive imaging of 3D chip architectures ✅ Detects faults in integrated circuits, batteries, micro-devices 📍 Quantum Technology Ecosystem Aligned with National Quantum Mission for: – Quantum imaging – AI/ML-based diagnostics – Biological & geological magnetization studies 🔆 Why it Matters for India ✅ First indigenous technology of its kind ✅ Reduces dependence on imported high-precision diagnostic tools ✅ Boosts India’s leadership in quantum sensing & advanced electronics 🔆 Mains Practice Question Q. India’s first indigenous Quantum Diamond Microscope marks a major milestone in quantum sensing. Discuss its working principle, applications, and significance for India’s semiconductor and neuroscience ecosystem. #GS3 #science_technology

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🔆 MeitY Issues SOP to Stop Spread of Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII) 📍 Released by: Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) 📅 As per: Madras High Court directions (July 2025) ✅ Purpose: To ensure swift removal (within 24 hours) of objectionable NCII content — including intimate or morphed images shared without consent. ✅ Key Features: 1️⃣ Multiple Reporting Options for Victims: • One Stop Centres (OSCs): Legal + psychological support. • Intermediaries: In-app reporting to grievance officers. • National Cybercrime Portal (NCRP): Online complaints / Dial 1930. • Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs): Local police for immediate action. 2️⃣ Mandatory Timelines: • Platforms must act within 24 hours of receiving a complaint. • Major social media firms to use hash-matching tools to stop reuploads. • Must report actions on Sahyog Portal (MHA–I4C). 3️⃣ Inter-Agency Coordination: • I4C (MHA): Aggregates complaints, maintains secure hash bank. • DoT: Coordinates with ISPs to block flagged URLs. • MeitY: Monitors and enforces compliance. 💬 Impact: Empowers users—especially women—to reclaim control over digital identities and ensures privacy, dignity & online safety in cyberspace. #GS1

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🔆 India’s 1st MWh-Scale Vanadium Flow Battery Installed ⚡ 📍 Location: NTPC NETRA, Greater Noida 🧑‍💼 Inaugurated by: Shri Manohar Lal, Minister of Power & Housing ✅ Key Facts: • India’s first 3 MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) – a major step in long-duration energy storage (LDES). • Developed by NTPC NETRA to boost renewable integration & grid resilience. • Offers an alternative to lithium-ion batteries, enabling safer, longer, and recyclable storage. ✅ Other R&D at NTPC NETRA: Green Hydrogen Mobility, Waste-to-Energy, Carbon Capture, Solid Oxide Electrolyzer, and AC Microgrid projects. 💬 Significance: Promotes Atmanirbhar Bharat, enhances energy security, and sets a new benchmark in clean energy innovation. #environment

🔆 Key Outcomes of PM’s Visit to Bhutan 📍 Date: 11 Nov 2025 📍 Source: PIB Delhi ✅ Inauguration: • 1020 MW Punatsangchhu-II Hydroelectric Project, built under India–Bhutan bilateral agreement. ✅ Major Announcements: 1️⃣ Resumption of work on 1200 MW Punatsangchhu-I Project main dam. 2️⃣ Land grant in Varanasi for building a Bhutanese Temple/Monastery. 3️⃣ Establishment of an Immigration Check Post at Hatisar (across Gelephu). 4️⃣ India extends ₹4000 crore Line of Credit to Bhutan. ✅ MoUs Signed: 📘 1. Renewable Energy Cooperation • Focus: Solar, Wind, Biomass, Green Hydrogen, Energy Storage, Capacity Building. • Signed by: Shri Pralhad Joshi (India) & Lyonpo Gem Tshering (Bhutan). 📘 2. Health and Medicine • Areas: Traditional medicine, Telemedicine, Drug R&D, Maternal & Public Health. • Signed by: Shri Sandeep Arya & Mr. Pemba Wangchuk. 📘 3. Mental Health Institutional Linkage • Between NIMHANS (India) & PEMA Secretariat (Bhutan). • Aim: Training, research, & development of local mental health programs. 💬 Significance: Strengthens India–Bhutan ties in hydropower, health, energy & human development, reinforcing India’s Neighbourhood First Policy. #International_relations

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