UPSC GEOGRAPHY

■ GEOMAGNETIC POLES #Magneticfield ◇ The Geomagnetic poles (dipole poles) are the intersections of the Earth's surface and the axis of a bar magnet hypothetically placed at the centre the Earth. ◇ There is such a pole in each hemisphere, and the poles are called as "the geomagnetic north pole" and "the geomagnetic south pole", respectively. ◇ Approximately, geomagnetic dipole is currently tilted at an angle of about 11 degrees to Earth's rotational axis. ◇ On the other hand, the magnetic poles (the magnetic north pole and the magnetic south pole) are the points at which magnetic needles become vertical. ◇ The difference in the position of magnetic poles and geomagnetic poles is due to the uneven and complex distribution of the earth’s magnetic field. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ MAGNETIC INCLINATION or MAGNETIC DIP #Magneticfield ◇ Magnetic dip, dip angle, or magnetic inclination is the angle made with the horizontal by the Earth's magnetic field lines. ◇ In simple terms, magnetic inclination is the angle made by a compass needle when the compass is held in a vertical orientation. ◇ The magnetic equator is the irregular imaginary line, passing round the earth near the equator, on which a magnetic needle has no dip (because magnetic field lines are parallel to the horizontal at the equator). ◇ Again, the magnetic equator, like the magnetic field and poles, is not fixed. ◇ Magnetic dip at the magnetic equator is 0,֯ and at the magnetic poles, it is 90. ◇ Importance: The phenomenon of magnetic dip is important in aviation, as it causes the aeroplane's compass to give erroneous readings during banked turns and airspeed changes. Necessary corrections need to be made to the compass reading to stay in the right course. ▪︎ JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ MAGNETIC DECLINATION #Magneticfield ◇ Magnetic declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north. ◇ It is positive when the angle derived is east of the true north, and it is considered negative when the angle measured is west of the true north. 4. Importance: Ships and other long-distance means of transport that rely on the compass for navigation should do necessary corrections to account for magnetic declination at different latitudes and longitudes to stay in the right course. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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