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🔆 Reduction in CO₂ Emissions: Government Update 📍 Why in News? India’s latest BUR-4 report shows a 7.9% drop in national GHG emissions from 2019 to 2020. 📍 Key Highlights (Ultra-Short) ✅ Emission intensity of GDP reduced 36% (2005–2020). ✅ Achieved NDC target of 50% non-fossil power capacity ahead of time. ✅ Added 2.29 billion tonnes CO₂ forest carbon sink. ✅ Major push via solar, wind, hydrogen, EVs, green energy corridors, and battery storage. ✅ GST on EVs cut to 5%, green plates & tax waivers to boost adoption. 📍 Implications India is progressing toward its 2070 net-zero pathway with clean energy expansion and lower carbon intensity. 📍 Mains Question Discuss India’s key strategies for reducing carbon emissions in line with its NDC and long-term climate goals. #GS3 #Environment

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🔆 Gyan Bharatam Initiative 📍 Why in News? The Ministry of Culture launched Gyan Bharatam, a major national programme to digitize and preserve India’s manuscript heritage. 📍 Key Highlights (Ultra-Short) ✅ Covers 1 crore+ manuscripts with AI-enabled National Digital Repository. ✅ Govt sanctions ₹491.66 crore (2025–2031) for survey, digitization & conservation. ✅ 31 institutions onboard; 19 Cluster Centres + 12 Independent Centres. ✅ 3.5 lakh manuscripts already digitized. ✅ Delhi Declaration commits to large-scale access, modern conservation & global collaboration. 📍 Implications Strengthens cultural preservation, boosts research, and positions India as a global hub for manuscript knowledge. 📍 Mains Question How can large-scale digitization initiatives like Gyan Bharatam transform cultural preservation in India? #goverment_schemes Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_government_scheme

🔆 Steps to Check Ground-Level Ozone 📍 Why in News? Government outlined measures to control NOx and VOC emissions — the key precursors of harmful ground-level ozone. 📍 Key Highlights (Ultra-Short) ✅ BS-VI vehicles: 70–87% reduction in NOx emissions across categories. ✅ Push for EVs via PM-E Drive & PM e-Bus Sewa. ✅ NCAP for 130 cities targeting dust, vehicular emissions, waste burning & industrial pollution. ✅ Updated industrial NOx/VOC standards across multiple sectors. ✅ Vapour recovery systems installed at high-volume fuel pumps (incl. Delhi-NCR). ✅ Ban on biomass/garbage burning; stronger waste-management rules. ✅ Continued control of ozone-depleting substances under ODS Rules. 📍 Implications A multi-sectoral approach focusing on cleaner fuels, EV adoption, industrial regulation, and urban air-quality management. 📍 Mains Question What measures can effectively curb ground-level ozone formation in Indian cities? #GS3 #Environment

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🔆 Banas Dairy: Circular Economy Push to Boost Farmer Income 📍 Why in Focus? Amit Shah inaugurated Bio-CNG & fertilizer plants of Banas Dairy and announced major steps for White Revolution 2.0. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ New Bio-CNG, fertilizer, paneer & protein plants launched to build a circular dairy economy ✅ Aim: 20% income rise for dairy farmers through waste-to-wealth (manure, biogas, electricity) ✅ Banas Dairy now a ₹24,000-crore cooperative, driven largely by women ✅ Push for high-value dairy products, local feed manufacturing, and financial services via micro-ATMs ✅ White Revolution 2.0 backed by Gokul Mission, NDDB plans, AHD infrastructure fund 📍 Implications: ✔️ Strong model of cooperative-led rural prosperity ✔️ Circular economy to enhance farmer income & sustainability ✔️ Can be scaled as a national template ✅ Mains Question: How can cooperative-driven circular economies transform rural livelihoods in India? Discuss with reference to the Banas Dairy model. ✨ #GS3 #Economy

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🔆 Govt Enhances Anti-Doping Efforts (NADA) ✅ Testing capacity expanded — 7,751 dope tests planned in 2025 (higher than 2024 & 2023). ✅ NIDAMS portal launched — digitalises athlete testing, orders, DCO availability & improves transparency per WADA norms. ✅ Major initiatives: • Awareness & education for athletes/coaches. • Anti-doping booths at events; on-site training at HPTCs. • In-competition & out-of-competition testing; RTP compliance. • Collaboration with NSFs, SAI & academia. • Social media tools: KYM app, ADEL. • Continuous updates via media on rules & prohibited substances. 📍 Goal Strengthen testing, awareness & digital governance to ensure India meets global anti-doping standards. 📍 Mains Question Examine the role of digital governance in strengthening India’s anti-doping ecosystem. #GS2 #Governance

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🔆 School-Level Innovation Under NEP 2020 📍 Key Highlights ✅ NEP 2020 shifts schools from rote learning to inquiry & creativity. ✅ 10,000+ Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) operational; 50,000 more being rolled out (2025–26). ✅ 1.1 crore students engaged; 16 lakh+ innovation projects created. ✅ Ecosystem strengthened through School Innovation Council (SIC), SIATP teacher training, INSPIRE-MANAK, hackathons & Viksit Bharat Buildathon. ✅ ATLs + AICs + ACICs together create a pipeline from school innovators to startups. 📍 Why It Matters? ⚡ Builds 21st-century skills—critical thinking, STEM, entrepreneurship. ⚡ Drives inclusive innovation, reaching rural & underserved schools. ⚡ Aligns education with Viksit Bharat 2047 goals. 📍 Mains Question: Discuss how NEP 2020 and AIM-led initiatives such as ATLs, SIC, and INSPIRE-MANAK are transforming India’s school education landscape into an innovation-driven ecosystem. (150 words) ✨ #GS2

🔆 AI-Based Monsoon Forecasting Scheme 📍 Why in Focus? Govt tested an AI-driven monsoon onset forecast pilot across 13 states for Kharif 2025. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Used blended AI models: NeuralGCM, ECMWF AIFS, & 125-year IMD data. ✅ Forecasts (local monsoon onset) sent via M-Kisan SMS to 3.88 crore farmers in 5 languages. ✅ 31–52% farmers changed sowing plans based on forecasts. ✅ Pilot done with Development Innovation Lab–India; no financial assistance involved. 📍 Implications: ✅ Helps timely sowing & better farm decisions. ✅ Reduces climate-risk exposure for farmers. ✅ Strengthens shift to AI-enabled agri-advisories. ✅ Prelims Question: Which platform delivered AI-based monsoon forecasts to farmers? A. e-NAM B. M-Kisan C. PM-KISAN D. AgriStack Ans: B ✅ Mains Question: Assess the significance of AI-based monsoon onset forecasting for improving climate-resilient agricultural planning. (150 words) #GS3 #GS2 #environment

🔆 Satellite-Based Crop Monitoring (FASAL) 📍 Why in Focus? Govt highlighted expansion of satellite-driven crop estimation for PMFBY and national forecasting. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ MNCFC uses multispectral & microwave data for 11 major crops. ✅ Coverage: 20 states / 557 districts. ✅ Supports PMFBY via CCE planning & YES-Tech yield estimation. ✅ ISRO–DA&FW collaboration for new crop models & R&D. ✅ Ground data collection by State Agriculture Depts. 📍 Implications: ✅ More accurate & transparent yield estimates. ✅ Faster PMFBY claim settlement. ✅ Strengthens data-driven agriculture. ✅ Prelims Question: FASAL crop forecasts are generated by: A. ICAR B. MNCFC C. FCI D. IMD Ans: B ✅ Mains Question: How does satellite-based monitoring under FASAL improve crop yield estimation and support PMFBY? (150 words) #GS3 #GS2 #Agriculture https://t.me/Upsc_agriculture_mains

🔆 Export Promotion Mission (EPM) 📍 Why in Focus? Govt launches a ₹25,060 cr, 6-year mission to boost exports—especially MSMEs & labour-intensive sectors. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ One unified digital export-support system via DGFT ✅ Two pillars: Niryat Protsahan (finance) & Niryat Disha (markets, compliance, branding) ✅ Focus on tariff-hit sectors + low-export districts ✅ ₹20,000 cr credit guarantee + RBI relief (moratorium, 450-day export credit, FEMA relaxations) 📍 Implications: ✔️ Cheaper trade finance ✔️ Better export readiness & branding ✔️ Stronger MSME competitiveness ✅ Mains Question: How does the Export Promotion Mission strengthen India’s export ecosystem, especially for MSMEs? #goverment_schemes Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_government_scheme

🔆 Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025 📍 Key Features • ✅ Introduces a capacity-based excise cess on manufacturing (starting with pan masala; extendable). • ✅ Revenue dedicated to Public Health + National Security via the Consolidated Fund of India. • ✅ Cess calculation depends on machine speed, number of packing machines & pack weight. • ✅ Manual processes charged at a fixed rate. • ✅ Mandatory registration, machinery declaration, and monthly return/payment by 7th. • ✅ 15+ day shutdown abatement allowed. • ✅ Strong enforcement tools: inspection, search, seizure, arrest, penalties. • ✅ Appeals structure: Appellate Authority → Tribunal → High Court → Supreme Court. 📍 Why It Matters • ✅ Creates a stable, transparent revenue stream for two critical sectors. • ✅ Ensures high-risk sectors contribute proportionally. • ✅ Strengthens compliance through a clear, rule-based framework. ✍️ Mains Question (GS3 – Economy / Internal Security) Q. The Health Security se National Security Cess Bill, 2025 aims to create a predictable fiscal base for public health and national security. Discuss the significance of adopting a capacity-based cess system and evaluate the key challenges in its enforcement. #Gs3 #Security