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🔰 M.C. Mehta Cases – Environmental Law 🔰 https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER a) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1987) – Ganga Pollution Case 🔷 Factories discharged untreated effluents into river Ganga. 🔷 Court applied polluter pays principle and absolute liability for hazardous industries. 🔷 Landmark for environmental protection under Article 21. https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER b) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1986) – Taj Trapezium Case 🔶 Pollution threatening Taj Mahal. 🔶 Court restricted polluting industries, enforcing environmental safeguards. https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER 🔲 Significance Established environmental rights as part of right to life (Article 21). Introduced principles like precautionary principle, polluter pays and sustainable development.

🔰 K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) 🔰 Citation: (2017) 10 SCC 1 https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER 💎 Background Challenge to Aadhaar scheme over privacy concerns. Petitioners argued that privacy is a fundamental right under Article 21. https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER 💎 Issues Is Right to Privacy part of Fundamental Rights? Can state collect personal data without safeguards? https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER 💎 Judgment Unanimous bench held: ⚖️ Right to privacy is intrinsic to Article 21 (Life & Liberty). ⚖️ Includes autonomy, dignity, informational privacy and bodily integrity. ⚖️ Restrictions must be lawful, necessary and proportionate. https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER 💎 Significance Landmark Right to Privacy judgment. Basis for later rulings on data protection, LGBTQ+ rights, reproductive rights, etc.