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🔆 India–Russia Joint Statement 2025: Key Takeaways 📍 Why in Focus? India–Russia held the 23rd Annual Summit in New Delhi, reaffirming their Special & Privileged Strategic Partnership. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Partnership anchored in mutual trust, strategic convergence, and resilience ✅ Push to expand trade, target USD 100 bn by 2030, settle trade in national currencies ✅ Deep cooperation in energy, nuclear (Kudankulam), space, defence co-production, and critical minerals ✅ Boost to connectivity—INSTC, Chennai–Vladivostok corridor, Northern Sea Route ✅ Strong alignment in multilateral forums (UNSC reform support, BRICS, SCO, G20) 📍 Issues / Implications: ✅ Reinforces India’s multi-alignment amid global geopolitical flux ✅ Supports energy diversification & tech cooperation ✅ Highlights India–Russia coordination on counter-terrorism and climate cooperation 📍 Mains Question: Discuss the strategic significance of the India–Russia Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership in the context of emerging global geopolitical realignments. (GS2) ✨ #InternationalRelations

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🔆 Parliament Question: Uranium Enrichment & Resource Augmentation 📍 Why in Focus? AMD reported major additions to India’s in-situ uranium resources (2015–2025), clarifying no new deposits exist in the Deccan–Marathwada region. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ 2,17,560 tonnes of in-situ U-oxide added across Jharkhand (Rajdah, Kudada, Jaduguda North), Rajasthan (Jahaz, Geratiyon Ki Dhani), Karnataka (Kanchankayi, Hulkal). ✅ Geological reports submitted to states to begin mining-lease processes under Atomic Minerals Concession Rules 2016. ✅ No uranium deposits found in Deccan Plateau/Marathwada, so no new mines planned there. ✅ AMD also identified 13.15 Mt of monazite (thorium-bearing mineral) along coastal/inland placer sands. 📍 Implications: ✔️ Strengthens domestic nuclear-fuel security ✔️ Supports long-term energy planning under Nuclear Energy Mission ✔️ Highlights regional gaps in uranium availability ✅ Mains Question: How does India’s uranium resource mapping support its nuclear energy goals, and what challenges arise from regional disparities in deposits? ✨ #GS3 #GS2

🔆 India’s Textile Export Outlook & Govt Support 📍 Why in Focus? Despite global challenges and U.S. tariffs, India’s Textile & Apparel exports show stability in FY 2025. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Global T&A exports (Apr–Sep 2025): USD 18,235 mn → 0.1% growth. ✅ Tamil Nadu exports grew 2.6%; key clusters (Tirupur–Karur–Coimbatore) up 11.4%. ✅ Govt consultations with exporters/MSMEs ongoing to assess tariff impacts. ✅ Major support schemes: PM MITRA Parks, PLI (revised), National Technical Textiles Mission, SAMARTH, Silk Samagra-2, Handloom & Handicraft programmes. ✅ Duty exemption on cotton till 31 Dec 2025; GST rationalisation for cost reduction. ✅ Export schemes: RoSCTL, RoDTEP (extended till 31 Mar 2026), CGSE for credit guarantee, and Export Promotion Mission for trade finance + market readiness. ✅ 40-country diversification strategy to reduce dependence on U.S. market. 📍 Implications: ✅ Enhanced competitiveness of Indian textiles. ✅ Strong support for MSMEs & clusters (especially TN). ✅ Diversification protects India from tariff-related risks. ✅ Mains Question: Evaluate how recent government schemes and tariff-related measures are strengthening India’s textile exports amid global uncertainties. (150 words) #GS3 #GS2 #economy

🔆 Advanced Techniques to Boost Milk Productivity 📍 Why in Focus? Govt highlighted key breeding and dairy-support measures to raise national milk yield. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Expansion of Artificial Insemination, IVF, and sex-sorted semen to improve herd quality. ✅ Genomic chips (Gau & Mahish) to identify high-genetic-merit cattle/buffaloes. ✅ NPDD strengthening milk testing, chilling & cooperative dairy infra. ✅ NLM-EDP, AHIDF (3% subvention) and KCC support livestock enterprises. ✅ 1962 App offers ration-balancing advisory for scientific feeding. 📍 Implications: ✔️ Faster genetic upgradation ✔️ Stronger dairy value chain ✔️ Higher farmer incomes ✅ Mains Question: How are advanced breeding technologies and dairy infrastructure programmes improving India’s milk productivity? ✨ #GS3 #GS2

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🔆 Credit Assessment Model (CAM) for MSMEs 📍 Why in Focus? The government has launched CAM to strengthen digitally driven MSME loan appraisal and boost digital payments ecosystem. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ CAM uses digitally verifiable data for automated MSME loan appraisal and objective decisioning. ✅ Enables model-based limit assessment for Existing-to-Bank (ETB) & New-to-Bank (NTB) MSMEs. ✅ Govt, RBI & NPCI promoting digital payments via RuPay, BHIM-UPI (P2M) incentives & PIDF for POS/QR deployment. ✅ PM SVANidhi extended till 2030; loan slabs raised to ₹15,000, ₹25,000 & ₹50,000 with UPI-linked RuPay credit card. ✅ Cashback incentives encourage digital transactions by street vendors. 📍 Implications: ✅ Strengthens formal credit access for MSMEs. ✅ Expands digital payment infrastructure in underserved regions. ✅ Boosts financial inclusion for street vendors. ✅ Prelims Question: Which of the following correctly describes the Credit Assessment Model (CAM)? A. A credit score system for large industries only B. A digital data–driven model for automated MSME loan appraisal C. A subsidy scheme for digital payments D. A program for export promotion Ans: B ✅ Mains Question: Discuss how the Credit Assessment Model (CAM) and recent digital payment initiatives contribute to strengthening MSME credit access and financial inclusion in India. (150 words) #GS3 #GS2 #economy

🔆 DRDO’s High-Speed Rocket-Sled Test of Fighter Aircraft Escape System 📍 Why in Focus? DRDO successfully conducted a dynamic high-speed ejection test validating India’s indigenous fighter aircraft escape system. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Test done at Rail Track Rocket Sled (RTRS) facility, Chandigarh by TBRL. ✅ Validated canopy severance, ejection sequencing, and full aircrew recovery. ✅ Collaboration between DRDO, ADA & HAL—placing India among few nations with advanced escape-system testing capability. ✅ Used dual-sled system propelled by solid rocket motors to achieve controlled high velocity. ✅ Anthropomorphic Test Dummy captured real-time loads, moments & accelerations for certification. 📍 Implications: ✅ Major step toward self-reliance in military aviation. ✅ Enhances pilot safety and strengthens indigenous LCA capability. ✅ Boosts India’s standing in advanced aerospace testing. ✅ Prelims Question: Which facility was used for DRDO’s recent high-speed rocket-sled ejection test? A. Satish Dhawan Space Centre B. Aeronautical Test Range, Chitradurga C. Rail Track Rocket Sled facility, Chandigarh D. NFTC, Bengaluru Ans: C ✅ Mains Question: Highlight the significance of DRDO’s successful high-speed rocket-sled test for India’s indigenous aerospace capability and pilot-safety architecture. (150 words) #prelims #GS3 #science_and_technology #science_technology Join @PIB_UPSC @upsc_science_and_technology

🔆 Women Participation in Paramilitary Forces 📍 Why in Focus? Govt detailed steps to enhance women’s recruitment and working conditions in CAPFs. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ 33% reservation at Constable level in CRPF; 14–15% in BSF, SSB & ITBP. ✅ Separate accommodation, rest rooms, toilets, and creches/day-care provided. ✅ Women-centric medical support, Help Desks & confidential grievance systems. ✅ Regular gender-sensitisation workshops; deployment in section strength/buddy pairs. ✅ Flexible time & shift systems adopted where possible. 📍 Implications: ✔️ Safer, inclusive environment ✔️ Higher recruitment & retention of women ✔️ Strengthening gender balance in security forces ✅ Mains Question: Discuss the measures taken by the Government to enhance women’s participation and safety in the CAPFs. ✨ #GS2 #GS3

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🔆 Promoting Alternative Income Sources for Farmers 📍 Why in Focus? Government highlighted a comprehensive strategy and multiple schemes aimed at boosting farmer incomes and diversifying agriculture. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Integrated strategy: higher productivity, lower production cost, better remunerative returns, diversification, post-harvest value addition & climate adaptation. ✅ DA&FW budget rose from ₹21,933 cr (2013-14) to ₹1,27,290 cr (2025-26). ✅ 28+ schemes support income enhancement: PM-KISAN, PM-KMY, PMFBY, AIF, FPO promotion, NBHM, NMNF, PM-AASHA, AgriSURE, PMDMC, SH&F, etc. ✅ MSPs fixed for 22 crops + FRP for sugarcane on CACP recommendations. ✅ MSP considerations: cost of production, demand–supply, price trends, inter-crop parity, ToT, and 50% margin over production cost. 📍 Implications: ✅ Strengthens farm resilience & income stability. ✅ Encourages crop diversification & allied activities. ✅ Supports long-term agricultural sustainability. ✅ Prelims Question: Which of the following bodies recommends MSPs to the Government of India? A. NITI Aayog B. Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices (CACP) C. NABARD D. Krishi Vigyan Kendra Ans: B ✅ Mains Question: Explain how the Government of India’s multi-scheme strategy supports alternative income sources for farmers and strengthens long-term agricultural sustainability. (150 words) #GS3 #GS2 #Agriculture

🔆 Mapping of Heatwaves: IMD’s New Tools for Preparedness 📍 Why in Focus? IMD has strengthened heatwave forecasting, mapping, and sector-specific alerts, improving India’s disaster preparedness. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ GIS-based Heatwave Portal shows real-time heatwave status & 5-day forecasts at district/sub-city levels. ✅ Climate Hazards & Vulnerability Atlas maps 13 hazards, incl. heatwaves—identifies high-risk hotspots monthly & annually. ✅ IMD issues impact-based, colour-coded warnings using parameters like max/min temperature, humidity, wind & persistence. ✅ Specialised heat alerts for plains, hills, coastal regions, plus a dedicated bulletin for Indian Railways. ✅ Heatwave information shared via GIS for customised use by sectors (health, energy, agriculture); actionable plans follow NDMA guidelines. 📍 Implications: ✅ Boosts anticipatory action & early warning systems. ✅ Enhances planning for critical sectors (transport, health, energy). ✅ Supports district-level vulnerability mapping for climate resilience. ✅ Prelims Question: The IMD’s Climate Hazards & Vulnerability Atlas provides: A. Only temperature maps B. District-level maps for 13 hazards, incl. heatwaves C. Satellite rainfall forecasts D. Agro-advisory services Ans: B ✅ Mains Question: Explain how IMD’s heatwave mapping tools and impact-based warning systems strengthen India’s disaster preparedness and climate resilience. (150 words) ✨ #GS3 #environment

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